Sports Science 100% Sheet 1 -
LO1 Understand different factors which influence the risk of injury
5 Extrinsic Factors - outside influences
1type of activity (e.g. contact sports present different
injury risks from gymnastic activities)
2 coaching/supervision, i.e. – poor/incorrect coaching
techniques – ineffective communication skills – importance of
adhering to rules and regulations
3 environmental factors, i.e. – weather – playing
surface/performance area and surrounding area – other
participants
4 equipment, i.e. – protective equipment (e.g. shin pads
in football, gum shield in boxing, helmet in cycling, goggles in
skiing) – performance equipment (e.g. hockey stick, cricket
ball, rock climbing harness) – clothing/footwear suitable for
playing surface/weather conditions/specific sport or activity
5 safety hazards, i.e. – risk assessments – safety checks
– emergency action plans
5 Intrinsic Factors - inside influences
1 physical preparation, i.e. – training – warm up – cool down – fitness
levels – overuse – muscle imbalances
2 individual variables, i.e. – gender – age – flexibility – nutrition – sleep
– previous/recurring injuries
3 psychological factors, i.e. – motivation – aggression – arousal/anxiety
levels
4 posture and causes of poor posture, i.e. – poor stance/gait (e.g.
bending your knees or hunching your shoulders when standing) – sitting
positions (e.g. slumping/slouching on the sofa rather than sitting upright) –
physical defects (e.g. muscles weaken around an injured area) – lack of
exercise (e.g. lack of core muscle strength means less support, being
overweight puts strain on posture) – fatigue (e.g. tired muscles will be
unable to support the skeleton properly) – emotional factors (e.g. having
low self-esteem/lack of confidence can influence posture) –
clothing/footwear (e.g. wearing shoes with high heels can affect posture)
5 sports injuries related to poor posture, i.e. – pelvic tilt – lordosis –
kyphosis – round shoulder – scoliosis.
