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Cellular Respiration and Fermentation: Aerobic and Anaerobic Processes in BIO 210, Summaries of Plant pathology

University of Mobile (UM)Plant pathology

This document from the STEM Success Center provides a handout on cellular respiration and fermentation, two catabolic pathways for producing energy through the breakdown of complex molecules. The handout covers both aerobic and anaerobic respiration, detailing their steps, including glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation or non-oxidative phosphorylation. Additionally, the document explains alcohol and lactic acid fermentation processes.

What you will learn

  • What are the electron transport chain's roles in oxidative phosphorylation and non-oxidative phosphorylation?
  • What are the steps involved in glycolysis during both aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
  • What are the main differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/27/2022

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STEM Success Center
BIO 210
Handout
Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic pathways involved in the breaking down of complex
molecules to produce energy. The term cellular respiration is considered an “umbrella” term that
encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Cellular (aerobic) respiration:
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for step 4.
Steps:
1. Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate
ATP is produced
NAD+ is converted into NADH
2. Pyruvate Oxidation
Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA
CO2 is released
NADH is produced
3. Citric Acid (or Krebs) Cycle
Acetyl CoA is oxidized
ATP, NADH, and FADH2 are produced
CO2 is released
4. Oxidative Phosphorylation
Electron transport chain accepts electrons from
NADH and FADH2
NADH becomes NAD+
FADH2 becomes FAD
ATP and H2O are produced
Step 1:
Step 2:
pf3
pf4
pf5

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BIO 210

Ch. 9 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Cellular respiration and fermentation are catabolic pathways involved in the breaking down of complex molecules to produce energy. The term cellular respiration is considered an “umbrella” term that encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Cellular (aerobic) respiration: Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor for step 4. Steps:

  1. Glycolysis Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH
  2. Pyruvate Oxidation Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA CO 2 is released NADH is produced
  3. Citric Acid (or Krebs) Cycle Acetyl CoA is oxidized ATP, NADH, and FADH 2 are produced CO 2 is released
  4. Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron transport chain accepts electrons from NADH and FADH 2 NADH becomes NAD+ FADH 2 becomes FAD ATP and H 2 O are produced Step 1: Step 2:

BIO 210

Step 3: Step 4: Cellular (anaerobic) respiration: Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen. Oxygen is not the final electron acceptor in step 4, depending on the microorganism it will be a different compound (e.g. nitrate ions, sulfate ions, etc.).

  1. Glycolysis Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH
  2. Pyruvate Oxidation Pyruvate is oxidized into acetyl CoA CO 2 is released NADH is produced
  3. Citric Acid (or Krebs) Cycle Acetyl CoA is oxidized ATP, NADH, and FADH 2 are produced CO 2 is released
  4. Non-Oxidative Phosphorylation Electron transport chain accepts electrons from NADH and FADH 2 NADH becomes NAD+ FADH 2 becomes FAD ATP and H 2 O are produced

BIO 210

Fermentation: There are two different types of fermentation: alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen. Steps for alcohol fermentation:

  1. Glycolysis Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH
  2. NAD+ Regeneration (Part 1) Pyruvate is converted into acetaldehyde CO 2 is released
  3. NAD+ Regeneration (Part 2) Acetaldehyde is reduced to ethanol (by NADH) NADH becomes NAD+ (= NAD+ regeneration) Step 1: Step 2: Step 3:

BIO 210

Steps for lactic acid fermentation:

  1. Glycolysis Glucose is broken down into pyruvate ATP is produced NAD+ is converted into NADH
  2. NAD+ regeneration Pyruvate is converted into lactate (by NADH) Step 1: Step 2: