Download ✅ Stewart Bio 211 Exam 3 Questions | 100% Correct Answers | Verified 2025/2026 and more Exams Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Stewart Bio 211 Exam 3 Questions with
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Fungi can be parasites true or false? - ✔✔True Can fungi cause illness to plants as well as animals? - ✔✔Yes; dutch elm disease, bats What is a medically important thing that fungus made? (HINT: think antibiotics) - ✔✔Penicillin What does fungi help make in food production? - ✔✔A. mushrooms B. Yeast is essential for producing bread, wine, beer (production of CO2 and alcohol by anaerobic respiration/fermentation) Which statements accurately describes mycorrhizal fungi? A.) Mycorrhizal fungi are all extremely toxic mushrooms that can cause liver and kidney failure in humans, if ingested B.) Mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant production by digesting dead organism in the soil and transporting the nutrients to plant roots C.) Mycorrhizal fungi cause spoilage of food including bread and fruits as spores are easily dispersed and germinate under moist conditions D.) Mycorrhizal fungi are parasites of many insects spes including mosquitos - ✔✔B.) Mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant production by digesting dead organism in the soil and transporting the nutrients to plant roots What are the four key traits of plants? - ✔✔A.) Composed of one or more eukaryotic cells B.) Cell wall composed of cellulose (a carbohydrate) C.) Chlorophyll within a chloroplast
D.) Obtain energy (carbohydrates) by photosynthesis The Indian Pipe does NOT have chlorophyll true or false? - ✔✔True The Indian Pipe is NOT an actual plant true or false? - ✔✔False Indian pipe is a plant that A.) Is composed of eukaryotic cells B.) Does not have chlorophyll C.) Is a parasite on mycorrhizal fungi that associated with trees D.) All of the above - ✔✔All of the above What ecosystem do green algae live in? - ✔✔Aquatic What are the ecological importance of green algae? A.) Biodiversity B.) food to consumers C.) Oxygen D.) provide habitat E.) All of the above F.) Nones of the above G.) Two of the above - ✔✔E.) All of the above What are the two key traits of green algae? - ✔✔Unicellular or multicellular Cells similar in structure (generally no tissues) How do green algae get water and nutrients? A.) Absorbed across the cell membrane
Nonvascular plants have flagellated sperm cells and desiccation resistant spores true or false? - ✔✔True What are the two traits of seedless vascular plants? - ✔✔A.) Cells organized into tissues B.) Low-lying growth form (no vascular tissue) What does the xylem do? A.) Conduct water and nutrients B.) Conduct carbs and other products of photosynthesis C.) Allows for gas exchange D.) All of the above E.) None of the above F.) Two of the above - ✔✔A.) Conduct water and nutrients What is the phloem? A.) Conduct water and nutrients B.) Conduct carbs and other products of photosynthesis C.) Allows for gas exchange D.) All of the above E.) None of the above F.) Two of the above - ✔✔B.) Conduct carbs and other products of photosynthesis What ecosystem do seedless vascular live in? - ✔✔Aquatic and wet terrestrial habitats How do seedless vascular plants reproduce? - ✔✔Flagellated (swimming) sperm cell (require wet habitats to reproduce) What are the three key traits of gymnosperms? - ✔✔Cuticle and stomata Vascular tissue
Lignin What ecosystem do gymnosperms live in? - ✔✔Terrestrial habitats How do gymnosperms acquire nutrients? - ✔✔Roots Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) How do gymnosperms reproduce? A.) Pollen and desiccation resistant naked seeds B.) Flagellated sperm and desiccation resistant spores C.) Pollen and desiccation resistant spores D.) Flagellated sperm and pollen - ✔✔A.) Pollen and desiccation resistant naked seeds What are the two ecological importances of gymnosperms? - ✔✔A.) First plants to reproduce in dry terrestrial habitat B.) Increased food and habitat resources enable increased biological production and biodiversity What are the two key traits of angiosperms? - ✔✔Cuticle and Stomata Vascular tissue and Lignin What ecosystem do angiosperms live in? - ✔✔Aquatic and Terrestrial habitats What is the ecological importance of angiosperms? - ✔✔Emergence of plants with fruit provided more food resources to primary consumers, enabling increased biodiversity and production How do angiosperms get water and nutrients? A.) Roots B.) Vascular C.) Stomata
What traits are shared between echinoderms and chordates? - ✔✔At some point in their life cycle, all chordates have a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord, and pharyngeal gill slits. What is the difference between echinoderms and chordates? - ✔✔Nervous System. What are the key traits of chordates? - ✔✔A.) Pharyngeal slits/pouches B.) Dorsal nerve cord - conducts electrical signals that coordinate muscle movement C.) Notochord - provides structural support for tail D.) tail What is the key traits of echinoderms? - ✔✔A.) Radial Symmetry B.) Endoskeleton (calcium carbonate plates under skin) C.) Water vascular system and tube feet What is the end product of meiosis? A.) Four genetically identical cells B.) Two genetically distinct cells C.) Four genetically distinct cells D.) Two genetically identical cells - ✔✔C.) Four genetically distinct cells What is the end product of mitosis? A.) Four genetically identical cells B.) Two genetically distinct cells C.) Four genetically distinct cells D.) Two genetically identical cells - ✔✔D.) Two genetically identical cells Lecture 10, Question 2 Which trait is possessed by all vertebrates, but not all species of chordates, in at least one stage of their life cycle (i.e. embryo, larva, adult)?
A.) A tail B.) A notochord C.) A cranium D.) Pharyngeal slits or pouches - ✔✔C.) A cranium A typical echinoderm life cycle includes ____ stages. A.) Egg and adult B.) Egg, larva, adult C.) Egg, larva, endospore, adult D.) Egg, larva, juvenile, endospore, adult - ✔✔B.) Egg, larva, adult Likely consequences of completely removing plants from a terrestrial landscape include___. A.) Increased soil fertility (i.e., increased capacity for future plant production) B.) Reduced water flow off the terrestrial landscape after a rainfall event C.) Increased nutrient inputs to a nearby stream immediately after a precipitation event D.) Increased soil fertility, reduced water flow off the landscape, and increased nutrient inputs to a nearby stream (all of the above) - ✔✔C.) Increased nutrient inputs to a nearby stream immediately after a precipitation event Which of the following statements is (or are) correct and explain how plants can increase abundance and species diversity of animals in an ecosystem? A.) Plants convert energy in sunlight to energy stored in biomass. B.) Plants absorb nitrogen and phosphorus from water, and store these nutrients in their biomass C.) Living and dead plants provide essential habitat. D.) All of the above statements are correct and explain how plants can affect abundance and species diversity of animals in an ecosystem. - ✔✔D.) All of the above statements are correct and explain how plants can affect abundance and species diversity of animals in an ecosystem.
A.) Mycorrhizal fungi are all extremely toxic mushrooms that can cause liver and kidney failure in humans, if ingested. B.) Mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant production by digesting dead organisms in the soil, and transporting the nutrients to plant roots. C.) Mycorrhizal fungi cause spoilage of food, including bread and fruits, as spores are easily dispersed and germinate under moist conditions. D.) Mycorrhizal fungi are parasites of many insect pests, including mosquitoes, and can therefore be important biological control agents. - ✔✔B.) Mycorrhizal fungi enhance plant production by digesting dead organisms in the soil, and transporting the nutrients to plant roots. Which statement most accurately describes the life cycle of black bread mold (Rhizopus), as described in class and your textbook? A.) Haploid (n) spores are produced by meiosis, and then released from a zygote. Spores landing in a suitable environment (bread) germinate, producing mycelia. Hyphae from two mycelia fuse, producing a diploid (2n) zygote. Mitosis produces haploid spores that are held within the zygote. B.) Haploid spores are produced by mitosis, and then released from a sporangium. Spores landing in a suitable environment (bread) germinate, producing mycelia. Hyphae from two mycelia fuse, producing a diploid zygote. Meiosis produces haploid spores that are held within a sporangium. C.) Haploid spores are produced by mitosis, and then released from a sporangium. Spores landing in a suitable environment (bread) germinate, producing mycelia. Hyphae from two mycelia fuse, producing a haploid zygote. Meiosi - ✔✔B.) Haploid spores are produced by mitosis, and then released from a sporangium. Spores landing in a suitable environment (bread) germinate, producing mycelia. Hyphae from two mycelia fuse, producing a diploid zygote. Meiosis produces haploid spores that are held within a sporangium. Which of the following statements about decomposer (saprophyte) fungi is (or are) correct, based on information presented in class and your textbook?
A.) Some decomposer fungi degrade lignin and digest cellulose. B.) Some decomposer fungi incorporate carbohydrates, nitrogen, and phosphorus present in dead organisms into their own biomass, which are then transferred to animals that eat fungi C.) Some decomposer fungi release nutrients into the external environment after digesting dead organisms. D.) All of the above statements are correct - ✔✔D.) All of the above statements are correct What are the ancestor of Cranium and Vertebrae? - ✔✔non vertebrate chordate What are the ancestor of Bones - ✔✔Cartilaginous Fish What are the ancestor of Jaws - ✔✔Jawless fish What is the ancestor of Amniote Egg - ✔✔Amphibian What is the ancestor of lactation? - ✔✔Reptiles What is the ancestor of Limbs? - ✔✔Lungfish What is the importance of Cranium and Vertebrae? - ✔✔Enables greater brain complexity What is the importance of Bones? - ✔✔Adaptation for temporary use of terrestrial habitat What is the importance of Jaws? - ✔✔Adaptation for consuming larger organisms
What are the three importances of reptiles to human welfare? - ✔✔A.) Economically important food resource B.) Biological indicators of environmental degradation C.) Bio-control agents of pests What are the three different types of Mammals? - ✔✔Monotermata Eutheria Marsupiala Put the six key events in order from which they emerged Lactate Cranium and Vertebrae Amniote Egg Jaws Limbs Bones - ✔✔Cranium and Vertebrae Jaws Bones Limbs Amniote Egg Lacatate Are nematodes and arthropods ecdysozoans or lophotrochozoans? - ✔✔Ecdysozoans What are the two key traits of nematodes? - ✔✔A.) Round, unsegmentated body covered by elastic cuticle B.) Hydrostatic skeleton What are nematodes?
A.) Primary Consumers B.) Secondary Consumer C.) Tertiary Consumers D.) None of these E.) Two of these F.) All of the above - ✔✔A.) Primary Consumers B.) Secondary Consumers Nematodes can reproduce sexually and asexually true or false? - ✔✔True What is the life cycle of nematodes? - ✔✔Egg, Larva, Adult Almost all arthropods reproduce sexual and are diecious true or false? - ✔✔ What is the life cycle for hemimetabolous metamorphosis? - ✔✔Egg, Nymph, Adult What is the life cycle for holometabolous metamorphosis? - ✔✔Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult What are arthropods? A.) Decomposers B.) Primary Consumers C.) Secondary consumers D.) All of the above - ✔✔D.) All of the above What ecosystems are Nematodes occupy and what influence do they have in these ecosystems? - ✔✔A.) Inhabit all types of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems B.) As abundant consumers of microorganisms, nematodes are important in energy/nutrient flow pathways
What is a heartworm caused by? - ✔✔A nematode
