Download Anatomy and Physiology Midterm Exam 2024: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
STRAIGHTERLINE – A &P 1
MIDTERM EXAM 2024
"In order to study in detail the anatomy of internal cell parts, it would be best to use - CORRECT
ANSWER a transmission electron microscope (TEM)"
"What cell type would have many Golgi apparatus? - CORRECT ANSWER mucus cell (secretes mucus)"
"Messenger RNA - CORRECT ANSWER is synthesized when a portion of a DNA molecule is transcribed"
"In DNA replication, - CORRECT ANSWER the leading strand is formed as a continuous strand"
"A tissue that has a fluid matrix is - CORRECT ANSWER blood"
"The layer of the epidermis in which there is the greatest amount of mitotic activity. - CORRECT
ANSWER stratum basale"
"Acne is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER testosterone, sebum, abnormal keratinization of hair follicles,
propionibacterium"
"Which subdivision of anatomy involves the study of organs that function together? - CORRECT
ANSWER systemic"
"Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of - CORRECT ANSWER protons in a magnetic
field."
"An organelle is - CORRECT ANSWER a small structure within a cell"
"The study of the body's organization by areas is - CORRECT ANSWER regional anatomy"
"There are more microbial cells than human cells in your body and the health of this microbiota clearly
influences human well-being. How many microbes are there?. - CORRECT ANSWER For every cell in
your body, there are ten microbial cells"
"The delivery of a radioactive compound to the body to study the metabolism of tissues is called -
CORRECT ANSWER PET"
"Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of
- CORRECT ANSWER responsiveness"
"The pectoral region is the - CORRECT ANSWER chest area"
"The antecubital region is the - CORRECT ANSWER area in front of the elbow"
"The thumb is ___ to the fifth digit (little finger). - CORRECT ANSWER lateral"
"The popliteal region is the - CORRECT ANSWER hollow behind knee"
"Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints? - CORRECT ANSWER
skeletal"
"In reference to the body tempaerature in living organisms, the set point can be defined as the -
CORRECT ANSWER ideal normal value"
"Anatomy is - CORRECT ANSWER study of structure"
"Visual inspection of the appearance of the liver and gallbladder during surgery is associated with which
of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER gross anatomy"
"An anatomic image created from sound waves is a - CORRECT ANSWER sonogram"
"A tissue is a - CORRECT ANSWER group of cells with similar structure and function"
"An organ is - CORRECT ANSWER a structure composed of several tissue types"
"An organ system is - CORRECT ANSWER a group of organs with a common set of functions"
"A major limitation of radiographs is that they - CORRECT ANSWER give only a flat, two-dimensional
image of the body"
"What technique creates a three-dimensional dynamic image of blood vessels? - CORRECT ANSWER
digital subtraction angiography"
"A cell is - CORRECT ANSWER the basic structural unit of living organisms"
"An investigator who conducts an experiment to determine how changes in pH affect the function of
enzymes on digestion is most likely to be a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER physiologist"
"The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the _____ cavity. - CORRECT
ANSWER abdominal"
"From the following list, select the one organic substance found in the human body - CORRECT
ANSWER glucose"
"Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER
protection"
"What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis? -
CORRECT ANSWER peptide bond"
"The building blocks of proteins are - CORRECT ANSWER amino acids"
"Which of the following lists includes only monosaccharides that are isomers of one another? -
CORRECT ANSWER glucose, fructose, galactose"
“The study of tissues is - CORRECT ANSWER histology"
"Microscopic examination of a frozen tissue specimen is an application of which of the following
disciplines? - CORRECT ANSWER histology"
"The study of the external form of the body and its relationship to deeper structures is - CORRECT
ANSWER surface anatomy"
"The study of the structural features and functions of the cell is - CORRECT ANSWER cytology"
"Eicosanoids - CORRECT ANSWER play a role in the response of tissues to injuries"
"ATP - CORRECT ANSWER serves as the energy currency of the cell"
"Starch is the - CORRECT ANSWER storage carbohydrate in plants"
"Which of the following activities is a function of the plasma membrane? - CORRECT ANSWER
recognition of bacterial cells by the immune system"
"What type of cell would have an abundance of lysosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER white blood cell, a
phagocyte"
"Absence of a cytoskeleton might affect - CORRECT ANSWER cell shape"
"Which of the following would increase the rate of mediated transport? - CORRECT ANSWER increase
the number of available carrier molecules"
"Certain cells in the liver ingest bacteria and debris from damaged cells by a process called - CORRECT
ANSWER phagocytosis"
"The function of the Golgi apparatus is - CORRECT ANSWER packaging and distribution of proteins and
lipids"
"The sodium-potassium pump located in the plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER actively
transports potassium into cells"
"The anticodon sequence GUA pairs with which of the following codons? - CORRECT ANSWER CAU"
"Which of the following events occurs during anaphase? - CORRECT ANSWER chromosomes migrate
to opposite poles of the cell"
"Which of the following is NOT posttranslational processing? - CORRECT ANSWER removal of introns
from pre-mRNA"
"What molecule(s) cause(s) a portion of a DNA molecule to unwind for transcription? - CORRECT
ANSWER RNA polymerase"
"DNA replication results in two new DNA molecules. Each of these new molecules - CORRECT ANSWER
has one strand of nucleotides from the parent DNA and one newly synthesized strand of nucleotides"
"The presence of a - CORRECT ANSWER clock, presence of "death genes" and damage to DNA or
mitochondria are all theories of _____. - CORRECT ANSWER aging"
"The specific location of a gene on a chromosome is its - CORRECT ANSWER locus"
"Chromosome pairs are called - CORRECT ANSWER homologous pairs"
"A display of the chromosomes of a somatic cell during metaphase of mitosis is the - CORRECT
ANSWER karyotype"
"When the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the
heterozygote, it is called - CORRECT ANSWER incomplete dominance"
"Genes that are passed from male to male are called - CORRECT ANSWER Y-linked"
"Which of the following is found in spongy bone but not compact bone? - CORRECT ANSWER
trabeculae"
"What occurs when wound edges are far apart? - CORRECT ANSWER secondary union"
"What type of tissue has little extra - CORRECT ANSWER matrix because it forms covering and lining
layers for body structures? - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial"
"The type of membrane that protects internal organs from friction is a ________ membrane. -
CORRECT ANSWER serous"
"Muscular tissue consists of what type of cells or fibers? - CORRECT ANSWER elongated fibers (cells)
that are specialized to contract" "A tissue has the following characteristics: free surface, single layer of cells, cells are narrow and tall, microvilli, many mitochondria, goblet cells. Which of the following is most consistent with those observations? (1) active transport (2) epithelium (3) simple epithelium (4) columnar epithelium (5) cuboidal epithelium (6) squamous epithelium (7) secretion by exocytosis
(8) movement of mucous across its surface - CORRECT ANSWER 1, 2, 3, 4, 7"
"A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extra - CORRECT ANSWER matrix, abundant
collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in
damage to mainly this kind of tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER tear in the tissue that attaches the
gastrocnemius muscle to bone"
"A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called - CORRECT
ANSWER granulation tissue"
"Adipose tissue - CORRECT ANSWER functions as an insulator and a site of energy storage"
"A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called - CORRECT ANSWER elastin"
"Which of the following statements concerning collagen is false? - CORRECT ANSWER collagen is
elastic and stretches"
"Unlike an exocrine gland, an endocrine gland - CORRECT ANSWER has no ducts"
"What type of epithelial tissue is found in the mouth? - CORRECT ANSWER stratified squamous
epithelium"
"What is formed from granulation tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER scar"
"Which of the following is correctly matched? - CORRECT ANSWER axons - conduct action potentials
away from the cell body"
"What type of tissue forms linings or coverings? - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial tissue"
"At birth the hairs of the scalp, eyelids, and eyebrows are replaced by coarser pigmented hairs called -
CORRECT ANSWER terminal hairs"
"Skin glands do not include - CORRECT ANSWER salivary glands"
"When comparing the dermis with the hypodermis, the dermis - CORRECT ANSWER is divided into two
layers; the hypodermic is not"
"If you accidentally cut your arm and see connective tissue and fat, which layer(s) was/were cut? -
CORRECT ANSWER stratum corner, stratum basale, dermis, hypodermis"
"The central axis of the hair is the - CORRECT ANSWER medulla"
"The nail proper is composed of the - CORRECT ANSWER stratum corneum"
"Baldness - CORRECT ANSWER Is more common in men than in women"
"Nails - CORRECT ANSWER protect the ends of digits."
"Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER is absent in individuals known as albinos"
"By covering the whole body surface, the skin acts as a protective barrier and plays a role in - CORRECT
ANSWER immunity"
"Describe the effect of exposure to UV rays on the skin. - CORRECT ANSWER Increased melanin
synthesis"
"The bluish tinge of skin due to a reduction of oxygen in the blood is called - CORRECT ANSWER
cyanosis"
"Which of the following facial bones is correctly matched with its function? - CORRECT ANSWER
maxilla - possess sockets for teeth"
"Which of the following is a function of the vertebral column? - CORRECT ANSWER it allows spinal
nerves to exit the spinal cord" "In a herniated ("ruptured" or "slipped") disc, the ring of fibrocartilage called the ___________ cracks
and the _____________ oozes out. - CORRECT ANSWER anulus fibrosus; nucleus pulposus"
"What results from damage to annulus fibrosus and release of nucleus pulposus? - CORRECT ANSWER
herniated disk"
"The acromion process - CORRECT ANSWER has an articulation with the clavicle"
"The upper limb and its girdle are attached rather loosely to the rest of the body. This arrangement -
CORRECT ANSWER allows a wide range of movements"
"Which of the following situations could interfere with normal child birth? - CORRECT ANSWER a small
pelvic outlet"
"A cleft palate results from incomplete development of the _______ - CORRECT ANSWER palatine
bones"
"Which of the following pairs of terms are opposites? - CORRECT ANSWER plantar flexion -
dorsiflexion"
"The sagittal suture is between the - CORRECT ANSWER two parietal bones"
"A joint that consists of two opposed flat surfaces of approximately equal size is a _____ joint. -
CORRECT ANSWER plane"
"Turning the ankle so that the plantar surface faces laterally is - CORRECT ANSWER eversion"
"The type of movements where one linear part of the body bends relative to another part would be
______ movements. - CORRECT ANSWER angular"
"What is the most commonly dislocated joint in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER glenohumeral joint"
"Which of the following is mismatched? a. shoulder joint - coracohumeral ligament b. elbow joint - radial collateral ligaments c. hip joint - cruciate ligaments d. knee joint - patellar ligaments
e. ankle - calcaneofibular ligament - CORRECT ANSWER hip joint - cruciate ligaments"
"A movement through 360 degrees that combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction is called
- CORRECT ANSWER circumduction"
"An example of a symphysis is the - CORRECT ANSWER intervertebral joint"
"Cartilaginous joints - CORRECT ANSWER unite two bones by means of either hyaline cartilage or
fibrocartilage"
"The type of movement between carpal bones is described as - CORRECT ANSWER gliding"
"In a syndesmosis - CORRECT ANSWER the bones are held together by ligaments called interosseous
membranes."
"The opposite of eversion is - CORRECT ANSWER inversion"
"Rheumatoid arthritis is - CORRECT ANSWER a condition that may involve an autoimmune disease"
"Osteoarthritis usually is caused by - CORRECT ANSWER wear and tear of the joint."
"The parietal peritoneum is - CORRECT ANSWER serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic
cavities" "A molecular biologist discovers that if a specific drug effectively treats obesity in mice, what can
researchers conclude? - CORRECT ANSWER the drug is effective in the mouse model; it must still be
tested in humans"
"The presence of water in our bodies allows us to - CORRECT ANSWER cool the body with sweat,
maintain a fairly constant body temp, provide an environment for chemical reactions, keep tissues moist and reduce friction"
"Which of the following is NOT true of a transmission electron microscope (TEM)? - CORRECT
ANSWER Gives the clearest three-dimensional images"
