Download Anatomy and Physiology 1 Cumulative Final Exam: Multiple Choice Questions and Answers and more Exams Physiology in PDF only on Docsity!
STRAIGHTERLINE A&P 1
CUMULATIVE FINAL WITH GUARANTEED SUCCESS
"A general characteristic of connective tissue is that it - CORRECT ANSWER consists of cells with much
intercellular material (matrix) between them" "A tissue has the following characteristics: abundant extracellular matrix, abundant collagen fibers, collagen fibers mainly parallel to each other. Which of the following injuries results in damage to mainly
this kind of tissue? - CORRECT ANSWER tear in the tissue that attaches the gastrocnemius muscle to
bone" "One type of experimental contraceptive device is a skin patch that contains a chemical absorbed
through the skin. Which of the following substances might be the type of chemical involved? -
CORRECT ANSWER lipid-soluble substances"
"A bone fracture generally found in cildren that is incomplete is a(an) - CORRECT ANSWER greenstick
fracture"
"Which is the most superficial layer of skin that is composed primarily of living cells? - CORRECT
ANSWER stratum spinosum"
"Which of the following components of the bone matrix, when removed, allows the bone to be easily
shattered? - CORRECT ANSWER Collagen"
"The targeted response of the hormone lipotropin is an increase in which of the following? - CORRECT
ANSWER the breakdown of fat in adipose tissues"
"What is the smallest level of organization in the body that contains the body's genetic information? -
CORRECT ANSWER cellular"
"Which sentence best describes the sliding filament model of muscle contraction? - CORRECT
ANSWER Sarcomeres and myofibrils contract"
"Which of the following is the definition of a third degree burn? - CORRECT ANSWER a burn that has
destroyed the dermis and epidermis" "Which class of chemical messengers is secreted by neurons into synaptic clefts to activate an adjacent
cell? - CORRECT ANSWER Neurotransmitter"
"Which of the following types of openings in the skeletal system does a "sinus" describe? - CORRECT
ANSWER Cavity"
"Which of the following processes generates the most ATP within a human cell? - CORRECT ANSWER
Oxidative phosphorylation"
"What type of axons is found in a gray ramus comunicans? - CORRECT ANSWER unmyelinated, post-
ganglionic axons"
"Deep means - CORRECT ANSWER Away from the surface"
"Which of the following is consistent with homeostasis? - CORRECT ANSWER As body temperature
rises, sweating occurs to cool the body"
"which of the following describes the position of the nose? - CORRECT ANSWER Superior to the
mouth"
"An organelle is - CORRECT ANSWER A small structure within a cell"
"Posterior means - CORRECT ANSWER Toward the back of the body"
"Which body system would be affected by degeneration of cartilage in joints? - CORRECT ANSWER
Skeletal"
"Inferior - CORRECT ANSWER Pointing towards the feet (down)"
"The study of tissues is - CORRECT ANSWER histology"
"Cephalic means - CORRECT ANSWER closer to the head"
"the term "dorsal" means - CORRECT ANSWER toward the back of the body"
"The thumb is ______ to the fifth digit (little finger). - CORRECT ANSWER lateral"
"The shoulder is _______ to the elbow - CORRECT ANSWER proximal"
"The inguinal region is commonly known as the - CORRECT ANSWER Groin"
"Nerve cells generate electrical signals in response to changes in the environment. This is an example of
- CORRECT ANSWER responsiveness"
"Magnetic resonance imaging is based on the movement of - CORRECT ANSWER protons in a magnetic
field"
"The pectoral region is the - CORRECT ANSWER chest area"
"Which of the following is most similar to the negative feedback mechanism in human physiology? -
CORRECT ANSWER A toilet tank refills itself after a flush"
"The pleural cavity is the - CORRECT ANSWER space located between the visceral and parietal pleura"
"The popliteal region is the - CORRECT ANSWER hollow behind the knee"
"The cavity of the body immediately inferior to the diaphragm is the ____________ cavity - CORRECT
ANSWER abdominal"
"The change in shape of tissues or organs is called - CORRECT ANSWER morphogensis"
"Homeostasis is defined as - CORRECT ANSWER the maintenance of a relatively constant environment
within the body"
"An organism's ability to use energy in order to swim is an example of - CORRECT ANSWER
metabolism"
"Which of the following activities would represent a physiological study? - CORRECT ANSWER
determining normal blood sugar levels for 20-year-old students"
"Toward the midline of the body is - CORRECT ANSWER median"
"Electrolytes are substances that - CORRECT ANSWER conduct electricity when dissolved in water"
"A group of water molecules are held together by - CORRECT ANSWER hydrogen bonds"
"Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions? - CORRECT ANSWER All
of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions a. temp b. concentration of reactants c. presence of catalysts d. presence of enzymes"
"Which of the following organic groups does hemoglobin belong to? - CORRECT ANSWER protein"
"a base is a proton - CORRECT ANSWER acceptor"
"An organic molecule such as a vitamin that makes an enzyme functional is called a/an - CORRECT
ANSWER coenzyme"
"What type of covalent bond is formed between amino acid molecules during protein synthesis? -
CORRECT ANSWER peptide bond"
"Which of the following is determined by a sequence of amino acids bound by peptide bonds? -
CORRECT ANSWER primary structure of protein"
"Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in the body? - CORRECT ANSWER
protection"
"The pH value - CORRECT ANSWER is determined by the concentration of hydrogen ions"
"A neutral atom will become a cation if it - CORRECT ANSWER loses electrons"
"An atom has an atomic number of 19 and a mass number of 39. This atom will have - CORRECT
ANSWER 20 Neutrons"
"Carbon dioxide is considered a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER molecule and a compund"
"Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the decomposition of ATP? - CORRECT
ANSWER ATP+H2O->P1+energy"
"Nucleotides - CORRECT ANSWER are the building blocks of nucleic acids"
"Lipids - CORRECT ANSWER are an important component of cell membranes"
"In ionic bonding - CORRECT ANSWER electrons are transferred from one atom to another"
"Which of the following statements is false? - CORRECT ANSWER Water evaporation heats the body"
"Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35 - CORRECT ANSWER an
imbalance called acidosis results" "Red blood cells (RBCs) have been placed in three different solutions: hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic.
What is solution "B" relative to the RBC? (it's squished and deformed) - CORRECT ANSWER hypertonic
solution"
"The plasma membrane - CORRECT ANSWER regulates movement of materials into and out of the
cell"
"Which of the following terms does NOT relate to the mitochondria - CORRECT ANSWER vitamin A
storage"
"If an albino (aa) mates with a person homozygous for normal pigment (AA), - CORRECT ANSWER all
offspring are carriers" "In humans, somatic cells have __________ chromosomes, while reproductive cells (gametes) have
____________. - CORRECT ANSWER 46; 23"
"Chromosomes that are NOT associated with sex determination are known as - CORRECT ANSWER
autosomes"
"What genetic disorder is the failure to produce clotting factors? - CORRECT ANSWER hemophillia"
"What term means that both alleles are the same? - CORRECT ANSWER homozygous"
"Chromosome pairs are called - CORRECT ANSWER homologous pairs"
"What genetic disorder is a type of dwarfism characterized by shortening of the upper and lower limbs?
- CORRECT ANSWER achondroplasia"
"A mistake during segregation of chromosomes is called - CORRECT ANSWER nondisjunction"
"What genetic disorder is the inability to produce normal hemoglobin - CORRECT ANSWER sickle-cell
disease"
"What term means that both alleles are different? - CORRECT ANSWER heterozygous"
"Which of the following chromosome anomalies can be found in either sex? - CORRECT ANSWER
down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)"
"Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance? - CORRECT ANSWER minor
thalassemia"
"The genotype WW is best described as - CORRECT ANSWER homozygous dominant"
"When the dominant allele does not completely mask the effects of the recessive allele in the
heterozygote, it's called - CORRECT ANSWER incomplete dominance"
"A mutation involving a single nucleotide is a _______ mutation - CORRECT ANSWER point"
"Genes on the X chromomes are - CORRECT ANSWER X-linked"
"What type of gene expression are ABO blood types and example of? - CORRECT ANSWER
codominance"
"A different form of an allele at a particular locus that can have no effect to major effects on the
phenotype is a(n) - CORRECT ANSWER Allelic varient"
"Genes that are passed from male to male are called - CORRECT ANSWER y-linked"
"What genetic disorder is caused by having three chromosomes 21 - CORRECT ANSWER Down
Syndrome"
"What type of process conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body? - CORRECT ANSWER dendrite"
“Which is an example of a normally occurring positive-feedback mechanism? - CORRECT ANSWER
stretching of the uterus near the end of pregnancy"
"Which of the following is the most widely distributed type of muscle in the body? - CORRECT
ANSWER Smooth"
"A doctor performing an autopsy on a patient concludes that part of the brain was likely damaged by
trauma due to a large population of which type of cell? - CORRECT ANSWER microglia"
"During DNA replication, how does each template strand eventually become two identical DNA
molecules? - CORRECT ANSWER One strand forms continuously, the other forms in short segments
spliced by DNA ligase"
"The extracellular material found in tissues is called - CORRECT ANSWER matrix"
"Epithelial tissue is characterized by - CORRECT ANSWER tightly packed cells"
"Reticular tissue is found in - CORRECT ANSWER lymphatic tissue"
"What type of connective tissue is found in the walls of large arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER dense
irregular elastic tissue"
"What type of cells break down bone tissue - CORRECT ANSWER osteoclasts"
"Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER secretion and absorption
of molecules"
"A delicate connective tissue composed of fibroblasts, collagen, and capillaries is called - CORRECT
ANSWER granulation tissue"
"What type of connective tissue is found between the vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER fibrocartilage"
"A coiled fibrous protein in connective tissue that is stretchy is called - CORRECT ANSWER elastin"
"What type of cancer can actinic keratosis develop into? - CORRECT ANSWER squamous cell
carcinoma"
"the proximal portion of the nail is the - CORRECT ANSWER nail root"
"Melanoma can be detected early and treated with the application of a special rule. Which of the
following is NOT a test used to determine if a mole is cancerous? - CORRECT ANSWER freckles"
"Skin color is the result of the - CORRECT ANSWER quantity of melanin in the skin"
"The amount of body area involved with a burn is determined by the - CORRECT ANSWER rules of
nines"
"Inflammation of the skin is called dermatitis or - CORRECT ANSWER eczema"
"In which layer of the epidermis are granules of keratohyalin formed? - CORRECT ANSWER stratum
granulosum" "This condition involves the development of white patches on the skin caused by the loss of
melanocytes - CORRECT ANSWER vitiligo"
"Melanin - CORRECT ANSWER is absent in individuals known as albinos"
"Thin skin has only four epithelial strata. It lacks which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER stratum
lucidum"
"In appositional growth of cartilage - CORRECT ANSWER new chondrocytes and new matrix are added
on the outside of the tissue"
"Ligaments attach - CORRECT ANSWER bone to bone"
"An X-ray determines that Peter fractured the shaft of his humerus. The break is in the _____________
of the bone - CORRECT ANSWER diaphysis"
"A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a - CORRECT ANSWER canaliculus"
"Osteomyelitis is - CORRECT ANSWER bone inflammation that often results from bacterial infection"
"Osteoclasts have projections that cause bone resorption called - CORRECT ANSWER ruffled borders"
"The locations where ossification begins in intramembranous ossification are known as - CORRECT
ANSWER centers of ossification"
"a bone fracture that does not perforate the skin is a(an) - CORRECT ANSWER closed fracture"
"What is the long end of the bone? - CORRECT ANSWER epiphysis"
"Osteomalacia is - CORRECT ANSWER a disease in adults characterized by softening of bones resulting
from calcium depletion"
"The type of lamallae found between osteons (Haversian systems) is - CORRECT ANSWER interstitial"
"How does the cardiovascular system contribute to osterporosis - CORRECT ANSWER blood clotting
starts repair process"
"The covering of the outer surface of bone is the - CORRECT ANSWER periosteum"
"What is the site of long bone growth - CORRECT ANSWER epiphyseal plate"
"Which of the following statements regarding calcium homeostasis is true? - CORRECT ANSWER when
blood calcium levels are too low, osteoclast activity in creases"
"An example of a saddle joint is the - CORRECT ANSWER carpometacarpal joint"
"Which of the following movements does not occur at the knee joint? - CORRECT ANSWER abduction"
"The opposite of retraction is - CORRECT ANSWER protraction"
"The opposite of extension is - CORRECT ANSWER flexion"
"Which of the following types of joints is mismatched with its location? - CORRECT ANSWER Ellipsoid-
between femur and tibia"
"A synchondrosis - CORRECT ANSWER may be temporary"
"a joint that has no joint cavity and exhibits little or no movement would be classified as a - CORRECT
ANSWER fibrous joint"
"A tennis player goes to the doctor and is told he has a torn rotator cuff. He has injured his - CORRECT
ANSWER shoulder"
"Rotating the forearm so that the palm faces anteriorly is called - CORRECT ANSWER supination"
"Exposure to ultraviolet light causes the skin to darken by stimulating the - CORRECT ANSWER activity
of the enzyme tyrosinase"
"The femoral region is the - CORRECT ANSWER thigh"
"A subcutaneous injection delivers medication into the - CORRECT ANSWER hypodermis"
"Eicosanoids - CORRECT ANSWER play a role in the response of tissues to injuries"
"The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction - CORRECT ANSWER can be lowered by
enzymes"
"Organelles - CORRECT ANSWER vary in number and type depending on cell function"
"An organ is - CORRECT ANSWER a structure composed of several tissue types"
"Which of the following ribs attaches to the sternum at the sternal angle? - CORRECT ANSWER the
second"
"What type of tissue covers the ends of long bones? - CORRECT ANSWER Articular cartilage"
"Another name for a bedsore is - CORRECT ANSWER decubitus ulcer"
"Which type of bone cells possess extensive ER and ribosomes? - CORRECT ANSWER osteoblasts"
"Which of the following events occurs in the secondary active transport of glucose? - CORRECT
ANSWER all of the choices are correct"
"Melanin production can be influenced by - CORRECT ANSWER all of the choices are correct"
"A tissue that has a fluid matrix is - CORRECT ANSWER blood"
"Cells that can break down bones are called - CORRECT ANSWER osteoclasts"
"The function of a bursa is to - CORRECT ANSWER provide a fluid filled cushion that reduces friction"
"The stretch of elastic components of a muscle adds tot he increased tension during - CORRECT
ANSWER multiple wave summation"
"The active sites to which cross-bridges attach are found on the - CORRECT ANSWER actin
myofilaments"
"Concentric contractions occur when - CORRECT ANSWER the muscle produces increasing tension as it
shortens"
"A sustained muscle contraction is known as - CORRECT ANSWER tetanus"
"Complete tetanus - CORRECT ANSWER is the condition in which stimuli occur so rapidly that there are
no intervening relaxations"
"Which of the following statements concerning types of muscle contractions is false? - CORRECT
ANSWER In isometric contractions, the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant"
"A proper definition of muscle tone is - CORRECT ANSWER constant tension produced by muscles for
long periods of time"
"Intense exercise that results in a great deal of anaerobic activity - CORRECT ANSWER increases
muscular strength and mass"
"Physiological contracture - CORRECT ANSWER is a condition in which cross-bridges cannot release"
"Multiunit smooth muscle is located in the - CORRECT ANSWER wall of blood vessels"
"The region of the sarcomere that contains both actin and mysin myofilaments is called the - CORRECT
ANSWER A band"
"Which of the following actions is caused by contraction of skeletal muscle - CORRECT ANSWER
moving your feet in walking"
"Depolarization of the cell membrane occurs when there is a rapid influx (inflow) of - CORRECT
ANSWER sodium ions"
"T tubules are invaginations of the - CORRECT ANSWER sarcolemma"
"Identify the statement concerning skeletal muscle that is true - CORRECT ANSWER It is responsible
for locomotion"
"What is the role of myosin phosphatase - CORRECT ANSWER enzyme that removes phosphate from
myosin"
"When repolarization of the cell membrane is complete, the - CORRECT ANSWER original polarity of
the cell is restored"
"Of the following muscles of the thigh, which one is NOT part of the quadriceps group? - CORRECT
ANSWER biceps femoris"
"Which of the following is responsible for problem-solving skills? - CORRECT ANSWER central nervous
system"
"Gaps or interruptions in the myelin sheath are called - CORRECT ANSWER nodes of Ranvier"
"A stimulus either causes an action potential or it doesn't. This is called - CORRECT ANSWER an all-or-
none response"
"Neurons arranged in a circular pathway form - CORRECT ANSWER oscillatory circuits"
"In some cells, an afterpotential occurs because - CORRECT ANSWER there is prolonged, elevated
permeability to potassium during repolarization" "If the EFC around a nerve cell is replaced with an isotonic saline solution that contains potassium ions
and other solutes at concentrations very close to the ECF concentrations of a normal cell, the result is -
CORRECT ANSWER resting membrane potential close to it's normal value"
"What inhibitory neurotransmitter is blocked in strychnine poisoning? - CORRECT ANSWER glycine"
"an IPSP is inhibitory because it - CORRECT ANSWER hyperpolarizes the postsynaptic membrane"
"In hyperpolarization - CORRECT ANSWER K+ ions tend to diffuse of the the cell"
"An action potential - CORRECT ANSWER occurs when the local potential reaches threshold level"
"The nervous system - CORRECT ANSWER All of these choice are correct:
monitors internal and external stimuil transmits information in the form of action potentials interprets or assesses information maintains homeostasis"
"Axons - CORRECT ANSWER have a distal portion that branches to form the presynaptic termials"
"The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are - CORRECT ANSWER multipolar"
"When repolarization of a neuron is complete, the - CORRECT ANSWER original polarity of the neuron
is restored"
"Continuous conduction of an action potential means that - CORRECT ANSWER one action potential
stimulates the production of a new action potential at the adjacent site"
"A neuroglial cell that is a major component of the blood-brain barrier is the - CORRECT ANSWER
astrocyte"
"The strength of a stimulus is communicated through - CORRECT ANSWER both the frequency and the
length of time action potentials are produced"
"The peripheral nervous system includes - CORRECT ANSWER cranial nerves"
"A fracture of the cribriform plate might injure the _____cranial nerve. - CORRECT ANSWER olfactory"
"The brachial plexus supplies nerves that function to contract which of the following - CORRECT
ANSWER muscles of the arm and forearm"
"What is the large C-shaped mass of white matter that consists of nerve fibers that connect the two
cerebral hemispheres? - CORRECT ANSWER corpus callosum"
"Which of the following brain areas serves as the major control center of the autonomic nervous system
and endocrine system? - CORRECT ANSWER hypothalamus"
"When you walk up behind someone and tap their right shoulder, they will reflexively - CORRECT
ANSWER turn their head toward the right"
"Spinal nerves C5-T1 make up the _______________ plexus - CORRECT ANSWER brachial"
"The glossopharyngeal nerve - CORRECT ANSWER is involved in the sense of taste"
"Which of the following arteries supply blood to the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER both the internal
carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries"
"Where is cerebrospinal fluid found around the spinal cord? - CORRECT ANSWER subarachnoid space"
"What is found in the dosral root gangilon - CORRECT ANSWER the cell bodies of pseudo-unipolar
sensory neurons"
"The sensory receptor of the stretch reflex is the - CORRECT ANSWER muscle spindle"
"The ventral root of the spinal nerve contains - CORRECT ANSWER only motor fibers"
"Which of the following nerves is part of the brachial plexus - CORRECT ANSWER musculocutaneus"
"Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic eye muscle? - CORRECT ANSWER inferior oblique muscle"
"Which of the following definitions best describes the timbre of sounds? - CORRECT ANSWER
resonance quality"
"Increase in the distance from the eye to the near point of vision can be caused by - CORRECT
ANSWER the lens becoming more rigid with age"
"Depth perception - CORRECT ANSWER is the ability to distinguish between near and far objects and
judge their distance"
"Which of the following is (are) associated with the retina - CORRECT ANSWER rods and cones"
"An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands of the eyelashes is called a - CORRECT ANSWER sty"
"Which of the following structures is part of the vascular tunic - CORRECT ANSWER iris"
"The malleus, incus, and stapes - CORRECT ANSWER transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval
window"
"Which of the following is correctly matched? - CORRECT ANSWER iris-sphincter pupillae"
"Arrange the following to reflect the correct sequence an action potential would follow to reach the olfactory cortex of the brain: (1) olfactory bulb (2) olfactory cortex (3) olfactory epithelium
(4) olfactory tract - CORRECT ANSWER 3,1,4,2"
"Some thyroid disorders are characterized by an increase in the width of the palpebral fissure. This
would be an increase in the distance between the - CORRECT ANSWER eyelids"
"Rapid changes in altitude can rupture the eardrum. Symptoms that may occur include - CORRECT
ANSWER hearing impairment"
"Which of the following functions is carried out by both aqueous and vitreous humor? - CORRECT
ANSWER refraction of light rays"
"The correct pathway from impulses leaving the retina is - CORRECT ANSWER photorecepotrs, bipolar
cells, ganglion cells, and optic nerve"
"When you try to focus on the tip of your nose - CORRECT ANSWER the lens becomes more spherical"
"For distant vision, - CORRECT ANSWER the ciliary muscles are relaxed"
"To focus on objects closer than 20 feet - CORRECT ANSWER the ciliary muscles must contract"
"Which of the special senses contains receptor neurons that are the only nerve cells in direct contact
with the outside environment - CORRECT ANSWER smell"
"John sees Marth; the pupils of his eyes dilate. It is "love at first sight." What division(s) of the ANS is
(are) involved? - CORRECT ANSWER sympathetic division"
"Sympathetic preganglionic axons - CORRECT ANSWER can synapse in either chain or collateral
ganglia"
"The two divisions of the ANS have antagonistic effects on each of the following EXCEPT - CORRECT
ANSWER the diameter of the blood vessels in skeletal muscles"
"The _____________ division of the ANS functions mainly under ordinary, restful conditions - CORRECT
ANSWER parasympathetic"
"How does distribution of sympathetic nerves differ from the distribution of parasympathetic nerves -
CORRECT ANSWER Spinal nerves contain sympathetic fibers, while cranial nerves contain
parasympathetic fibers"
"Sympathetic fibers leave the spinal cord in the - CORRECT ANSWER thoracic and lumbar regions"
"If acetylcholine binds to muscarinic receptors - CORRECT ANSWER G proteins mediate the cell's
response" "Parasympathetic preganglionic axons from the sacral region of the spinal cord course through______
nerves that innervate the ______. - CORRECT ANSWER pelvic; lower colon and reproductive glands"
"Autonomic reflexes - CORRECT ANSWER are integrated somewhere in the CNS"
"Axons exit the sympathetic chain ganglia by all of the following except - CORRECT ANSWER cranial
nerves"
"What type of reflex operates independently of the CNS? - CORRECT ANSWER local reflex"
"When a person consumes a substantial amount of nicotine, the response - CORRECT ANSWER both
increases parasympathetic responses and increases sympathetic responses"
