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MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
Agar is a complex polysaccharide that comes from a/an ___________. a. green plant b. fungus c. bacterium d. algae e. marine invertebrate - correct answers d. algae Using microbes to detoxify a site contaminated with heavy metals is an example of _________. a. biotechnology b. bioremediation c. decomposition d. immunology e. epidemiology - correct answers b. bioremediation The three physical forms of laboratory media are _____________. a. solid, liquid, and gas
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
b. solid, semisolid, and liquid c. a streak plate, a pour plate, and a broth d. reducing, transport, and enumeration - correct answers b. solid, semisolid, and liquid Which of the following is a traditional human use of microorganisms? a. baking b. treating water and sewage c. mass-producing antibiotics d. cleaning up oil spills - correct answers a. baking bread Which of the following represents a synthesis reaction? a. AB --> A + B b. A + B --> AB c. AB + XY --> AY +XB d. AB + XY <--> AY + XB - correct answers b. A + B --> AB Basic dyes are
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
d. pathogenic - correct answers c. anaerobic In the cell cytoplasm, molecules of ATP are a ________ a. solute b. solvent - correct answers a. solute A diagram of the three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) proceeding from the Last Universal Common Ancestor would show Archaea a. as the original cells from which the others derived b. branching off the domain Eukarya c. branching off of the domain Bacteria - correct answers b. branching off the domain Eukarya In the experiments constructed by Pasteur to disprove spontaneous generation, swan- necked flasks were used. Why was this shape of flask used in this experiment. a. the glass neck needed to be open to the air, yet constructed so that bacteria would settle in the lowest part of the flask b. these flask shapes were the easiest and cheapest to produce
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
c. the shape of the glass neck allowed the bacteria into the flask and then into the media, but air could not enter d. Because the glass necks were stretched out, the heat used to sterilize the medium inside of the flask could not kill the bacteria in the neck - correct answers a. the glass neck needed to be open to the air, yet constructed so that bacteria would settle in the lowest part of the flask Atoms that gain or lose electrons become charged particles called____________ a. cations b. anions c. ions d. isotopes - correct answers c. ions The three cell types discussed, eukaryotes, archaea, and bacteria, all derived from a. the last universal common ancestor b. photosynthetic bacteria c. archaea cells d. cells with a true necleaus - correct answers a. the last universal common ancestor
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
d. Cytosine - correct answers b. adenine Polar molecules are composed of covalently bonded a. identical atoms b. carbon atoms c. ions d. atoms of different electronegativity e. atoms of identical electronegativity - correct answers d. atoms of different electronegativity NASA has published a list of criteria for identifying fossial bacteria in samples from Mars, as part of a search fro evidence of life. Which of the following is good evidence for the presence of life? a. Cell size of .5 to 2 microns b. Three-dimensional organization of cells in starburst pattern c. absence of carbon in the material d. no evidence of water in the surrounding minerals - correct answers a. cell size of. to 2 microns Microorganisms are best defined as organisms that
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
a. cause human disease b. lack of cell nucleus c. are infectious particles d. are too small to be see with the unaided eye - correct answers d. are too small to be see with the unaided eye The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa called a. classification b. identification c. nomenclature d. experimentation e. biotechnology - correct answers a. classification Visible, clear, well-defined patches in a monolayer of virus-infected cells in a culture are called _________ a. patches b. buds c. plaques
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
a. does not occur in bacteriophage multiplication b. involves enzymatic destruction of the capsid c. occurs during penetration in the multiplication cycle d. occurs before replication e. all of the choices are correct - correct answers e. all of the choices are correct Which organelle is found in algae but not in protozoa or fungi? a. mitochondria b. lysosomes c. golgi apparatus d. chloroplasts e. endoplasmic reticulum - correct answers d. chloroplasts The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the _______ a. ribosomes b. cell wall c. cell membrane
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
d. flagella - correct answers b. cell wall The most immediate results of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be that a. material would not cross the cell membrane b. protein synthesis would stop c. the chromosomes would unravel d. glycogen inclusions would form e. holes would appear in the capsule - correct answers b. protein synthesis would stop Fungi reproduce sexually less frequently than asexually. What might be the reason behind this infrequency of sexual reproduction? a. sexual reproduction requires two genetically different strains of the fungus to come together b. sexual reproduction is more energy-intensive than asexual reproduction c. in asexual reproduction one parent divides d. all statements are true. - correct answers d. all statements are true Viruses with ______-sense RNA contain the correct message for translation, while viruses with ______-sense RNA must first be converted into a correct message.
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
d. bacterial cells are typically between 1,000-10,000 nm and are therefore blocked - correct answers a. bacterial cells are typically between 1-10 micrometers and are blocked by the filter, whereas most viruses are between 20 and 200 nmm and therefore pass through. Magnetosomes are a. infoldings of the cell membrane b. also termed metachromatic granules c. responsible for the heat resistance of endospores d. composed of magnetic iron oxide particles e. found in all bacteria and some archaea - correct answers d. composed of magnetic iron oxide particles The term that refers to the presence of a tuft of flagella emerging from a single site is
a. amphitrichous b. atrichous c. lophotrichous d. monotrichous e. peritrichous - correct answers c. lophotrichous
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease is a. caused by a chronic latent virus b. initiated by an oncogenic virus c. cause by a viroid d. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans - correct answers d. a spongiform encephalopathy of humans The Eukaryotic cell organelle that most resembles a bacterial cell is the ______ a. nucleus b. golgi apparatus c. mitochondrion d. lysosomes e. ribosomes - correct answers c. mitochond Which is the correct for the application of reagents in the Gram stain? a. crystal violet, safranin, iodine, alcohol/acetone b. crystal violet, alcohol/acetone, iodine, safranin
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
An irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells is termed a. streptobacillus b. staphylobacillus c. staphylococcus d. streptococcus e. staphylospirillum - correct answers c. staphylococcus The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and ________ a. mRNA b. tRNA c. rRNA d. DNA - correct answers c. rRNA In a close relationship, a change in one partner that results from a change in the other partner is termed a. symbiosis b. coevolution
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
c. antibiosis d. mutualism e. synergism - correct answers b. coevolution Microbes in a biofilm juse quorum sensing to a. assess the size of a particular microbial population b. inactivate antibiotic molecules c. attach to surfaces d. transfer genetic material among individual cells - correct answers a. assess the size of particular microbial population The phase of the bacterial growth curve that shows the maximum rate of cell division is the a. lag phase b. exponential phase c. stationary phase d. death phase e. prophase - correct answers b. exponential phase
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
b. diffusion c. endocytosis d. osmosis - correct answers c. endocytosis The movement of substances from higher to lower concentration across a semipermeable membrane via a specific protein carrier but without energy expenditure is called a. facilitated diffusion b. diffusion c. active transport - correct answers a. facilitated diffusion All of the following are exoenzymes except a. ATP synthase b. streptokinase c. penicillinase d. collagenase - correct answers a. ATP synthase In addition to electrons, which of the following is also involved in the electron chain?
MIDTERM REVIEW EXAM 2025
a. ADP b. glucose c. carbon d. hydrogen e. carbon dioxide - correct answers d. hydrogen In which stage of aerobi repiration is water produced? a. glycolisis b. the Krebbs cylcle c. the electron transport system - correct answers c. the electron transport system Noncompetitive inhibition is best described as a. the substrate binding to DNA, blocking enzyme transcription b. the end production binding DNA, blocking enzyme transcription c. the substrate binding to enzyme in a regulatory site d. the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site e. an anabolic reaction - correct answers d. the end product binding to enzyme in noncompetitive site
