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“Boost your grades with these comprehensive Strategic Management notes! Covers SWOT, PESTLE, Porter’s Five Forces, and powerful case studies (Apple, Tesla, Amazon). Perfect for BBA, MBA, and competitive exams—well-structured, easy to grasp, and exam-focused for quick revision!”
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Definition & Meaning Importance & Benefits Strategic vs. Tactical vs. Operational Planning
Environmental Scanning Strategy Formulation Strategy Implementation Strategy Evaluation
SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) Value Chain Analysis (Primary & Support Activities) Core Competencies & Resource-Based View
PESTLE Analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental) Porter’s Five Forces Model (Competition Analysis) Competitive Advantage & Business Environment
Corporate-Level Strategies (Growth, Stability, Retrenchment) Business-Level Strategies (Cost Leadership, Differentiation, Focus) Functional Strategies (Marketing, HR, Operations)
Leadership & Change Management Organizational Structure & Culture
Balanced Scorecard
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Financial & Non-Financial Measures Challenges in Strategy Implementation 1️. Introduction to Strategic Management
Strategic Management is the process of planning, monitoring, analyzing, and assessing all the activities required to achieve organizational objectives. It involves setting goals, formulating strategies, implementing them effectively, and evaluating outcomes.
Provides a competitive advantage Helps in resource allocation and decision-making Aligns organizational vision, mission, and goals Aids in risk management and long-term planning
Planning Type Scope Time Frame Example Strategic Planning Organization-wide Long-term (3-5 years) Expanding into a new market Tactical Planning Departmental level Medium-term (1- years) Launching a new product line Operational Planning Day-to-day activities Short-term (weeks/months) Increasing production efficiency 2️. Strategic Management Process
Analyzing internal and external factors affecting the business. Tools used: SWOT Analysis, PESTLE Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces.
Developing strategies based on organizational goals and external environment. Types of Strategies: Corporate, Business, and Functional-Level Strategies.
Porter’s Five Forces is a framework to analyze industry competition:
Growth Strategy – Expansion into new markets (e.g., Amazon entering the healthcare industry) Stability Strategy – Maintaining current operations without expansion Retrenchment Strategy – Cutting down costs or divesting unprofitable segments
Cost Leadership – Offering lower prices than competitors (e.g., Walmart) Differentiation – Unique product offerings (e.g., Apple’s premium branding) Focus Strategy – Targeting niche markets (e.g., Tesla’s luxury EVs)
Marketing Strategy – Branding, advertising, pricing strategies HR Strategy – Recruitment, training, employee engagement Operations Strategy – Supply chain, logistics, quality control 6️. Strategy Implementation
Leadership & Change Management – Strong leadership ensures smooth execution. Organizational Structure & Culture – Aligning structure with strategy. Balanced Scorecard – Measuring performance across financial, customer, internal processes, and learning perspectives. 7️. Strategy Evaluation & Control
Financial Metrics – Revenue growth, ROI, profit margins Customer Metrics – Customer retention, satisfaction scores Operational Metrics – Efficiency ratios, production costs
Resistance to change from employees Poor communication of strategic goals Lack of resources and financial support
Apple focuses on premium branding, innovation, and ecosystem integration to maintain its competitive edge. Their differentiation strategy allows them to command high prices and customer loyalty.
Tesla employs a niche focus strategy by targeting high-end electric vehicle consumers. Their emphasis on innovation and sustainability has disrupted the automobile industry.
Amazon's expansion into new markets (AWS, healthcare, grocery) showcases its aggressive growth strategy. The company uses cost leadership and operational efficiency to dominate multiple industries.
Google integrates cost leadership (affordable cloud services) and differentiation (unique AI- powered services) to sustain its industry position.