๎Strategies๎for๎the๎treatment๎of๎
infectious๎diseases๎
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Strategies for Treatment of Infectious Diseases - Applied Microbiology - Lecture Slides, Slides of Microbiology
This course includes emerging and reemerging diseases, public health issues and nanotechnology aspects of microbiology and other topics mainly. Main concepts explained in this lectures are: Strategies for Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Nanotechnology, Gene Therapy, Quorum Sensing Antagonist, Photodynamic Therapy, Phage Therapy, Plants, Organism, Microorganisms, Bacteria
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Strategies
for
the
treatment
of
infectious
diseases
Presentation
overview
๏ What are infectious diseases? ๏ Causes of infectious diseases ๏ New treatments โ Nanotechnology โ Gene therapy โ Quorum sensing antagonist โ P โ MAPA ๏ Old but new treatments โ Photodynamic therapy โ Phage therapy โ Plants ๏ Conclusion
Causes of infectious diseases Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as: ๏ Bacteria ๏ Viruses ๏ Fungi ๏ Prions ๏ Protozoa ๏ These diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
Development of resistance
Cost for developing an antibiotic
NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanomaterials
Antimicrobial activity
Enhance the efficiency and safety of antibiotics delivery Antimicrobial nanomaterials:
Metal and metal oxides (Ag, ZnO, TnO 2 , Al and Cu) - Naturally occurring antibacterial substances - Carbon โ based nanomaterials - Surfactant โ based nanoemulsions
Advantages โข
Control
infectious
diseases
in
vitro
and
in
vivo
Stable
Tackle
multiple
biological
pathways
Disadvantages โข
Potential
toxicity
in
long
term
exposure
LIPOSOMES Nano to micro
sized vesicles with:
Phospholipid bilayer Retains hydrophobic antimicrobial drugs - Aqueous core Encapsulates hydrophilic antimicrobial drugs Lipid bilayer structure mimics the pathogenโs cell membrane ๏ Readily fuse with infectious microbes
Typical structure of a dendrimer
Dendrimer mechanism of action
Positively
charged
dendrimer
reacts
with
negatively
charged
bacterial
membranes
increasing
their
permeability
Results
in
leakage
of
cytoplasm
and
disruption
of
the
bacterial
cell
Image of the damaged cell wall and membrane of MRSA after treatment
GENE
THERAPY
Defined as the introduction of new genetic material into cells of an individual with the intention of producing a therapeutic benefit 3 Categories: ๏ Nucleic Acid โ Based ๏ Protein โ Based ๏ Immunotherapy
NUCLEIC ACID โ BASED GENE THERAPY
Antisense DNA and RNA - Ribozymes - RNA Decoys