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Acid-Base Chemistry Study Guide: Acids, Bases, and Amphoteric Substances, Lecture notes of Chemistry

Lawrence Technological University (LTU)Chemistry

A comprehensive study guide on acids and bases, including strong and weak electrolytes, strong and weak acids and bases, and amphoteric substances. Memorize the given formulas and reactions for various acids and bases, such as nitric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, and their corresponding bases.

What you will learn

  • What are amphoteric substances and how do they behave in water?
  • What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
  • What are some examples of strong bases and weak bases?

Typology: Lecture notes

2021/2022

Uploaded on 09/12/2022

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Acid-Base Study Guide
Acid = proton donor
Base = proton acceptor
We write the formula of an acid with a H out front to help you
identify it as an acid. Strong bases will contain hydroxide ion
(OH-) in the formula.
Remember that H+ and H3O+ are equivalent.
Strong Acids (= strong electrolytes)
Note: each reaction has water implied as a reactant, and the
H+ is donated to it to form H3O+. For example, these two
equations are equivalent:
HNO3 → H+ + NO3- and HNO3 + H2O → H3O+ + NO3-
MEMORIZE THESE:
HNO3Nitric Acid HNO3 → H+ + NO3-
H2SO4Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 → 2H+ + SO42-
HClO4Perchloric Acid HClO4 → H+ + ClO4-
HCl Hydrochloric Acid HCl → H+ + Cl-
HBr Hydrobromic Acid HBr → H+ + Br-
HI Hydroiodic Acid HI → H+ + I-
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Download Acid-Base Chemistry Study Guide: Acids, Bases, and Amphoteric Substances and more Lecture notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!

Acid-Base Study Guide

Acid = proton donor Base = proton acceptor

We write the formula of an acid with a H out front to help you

identify it as an acid. Strong bases will contain hydroxide ion

( OH- ) in the formula.

Remember that H +^ and H 3 O +^ are equivalent.

Strong Acids (= strong electrolytes)

Note: each reaction has water implied as a reactant, and the H +^ is donated to it to form H 3 O +. For example, these two equations are equivalent:

HNO 3 → H +^ + NO 3 -^ and HNO 3 + H 2 O → H 3 O +^ + NO 3 -

MEMORIZE THESE:

HNO 3 Nitric Acid HNO 3 → H +^ + NO 3 - H 2 SO 4 Sulfuric Acid H 2 SO 4 → 2H +^ + SO 4 2- HClO 4 Perchloric Acid HClO 4 → H +^ + ClO 4 - HCl Hydrochloric Acid HCl → H +^ + Cl- HBr Hydrobromic Acid HBr → H +^ + Br - HI Hydroiodic Acid HI → H +^ + I-

Strong Bases (= strong electrolytes)

MEMORIZE THESE:

Group IA hydroxides – LiOH, NaOH, KOH, etc

LiOH → Li+^ + OH- NaOH → Na +^ + OH - KOH → K +^ + OH -

and from Group IIA – Ba(OH) (^2)

Ba(OH) 2 → Ba2+^ + 2OH -

Amphiteric (Amphiprotic) Substances - can

behave like an acid or a base

Substances that have a H out front and have a negative charge can behave like an acid or base, for example –

Acid: HCO 3 -^ + H 2 O W H 3 O +^ + CO 3 2-

Base: HCO 3 -^ + H 2 O W H 2 CO 3 + OH -