Understanding the Functions and Classification of Bones in the Context of Sports, Lecture notes of Anatomy

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Structure of the Skeletal System

Learning Outcomes: Success Criteria: Acquire knowledge and understanding:  Structure: All bones and their classification and use applied to performance in physical activities and sports Apply the knowledge (explain / show how the content links to a sports example) Analyse and Evaluate (look at information and form an opinion- giving strengths and weaknesses / positives & negatives)

Cranium Sternum Ribs Pelvis Humerus Ulna Radius Femur Patella (knee cap) Tibia Fibula Clavicle Skeletal System Structure: Look, cover, write, check

It is made up of irregularly shaped bones called vertebrae. Between each vertebra there is a pad of cartilage which allows movement and prevents friction. The vertebrae protects the spinal cord. The vertebral column is divided into 5 sections.

The vertebral column

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TEXASYF5xZc 1.36 onwards

Exam Questions: 4.Name the bones of the upper and lower arm? (3) 5.Name the anatomical name for the following bones (5) a) Skull b) Knee cap c) Collar Bone d) Shoulder blade e) Wrist

Practice it!

Marks Scheme:

1. Humerus, Radius, Ulna
2. a) Cranium b) Patella c) Clavicle d) Scapula e) Carpals
3. Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral

Practice it!

Functions of the Skeleton

Learning Outcomes: Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the skeletal system and its use in sport Success Criteria: Acquire knowledge and understanding:  The functions of the skeleton applied to performance in physical activities and sports: protection of vital organs; muscle attachment; joints for movement; platelets; red and white blood cell production; storage of calcium and phosphorus  The role of ligaments and tendons, and their relevance to participation in physical activity and sport Apply the knowledge (explain / show how the content links to a sports example) Analyse and Evaluate (look at information and form an opinion- giving strengths and weaknesses / positives & negatives)

Some of our body parts, such as the brain, are very delicate and need protection. Bones can protect body parts from impact and injuries.

Protection

• 1. What vital organ does the Cranium protect? Answer:
• 2. What vital organ does the Rib Cage protect? Answer:

Muscles are firmly attached to bones forming levers which create sporting movements.

Muscle Attachment/Movement and joints

Whiteboards: Recall the functions of the skeleton”

a. b.

Give an example from sport for each

Application of Knowledge: Functions of the

Skeleton

 Functions of the skeleton: Copy the table below and then watch the video clips and complete the table. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSy9XpKr21U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4wLoOodR3U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eMgjSU-Gc6o Task: Create a table identifying all functions (listed from earlier), giving examples of the relevance of each function to the sport. Function Example in sport Relevance to sport

Starter (homework): Test (in the back of your learning book) Name the 18 bones of the human body Cranium, Clavicle, Scapula, Sternum, Ribs Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals Pelvis, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, Patella, Tarsals, Metatarsals, Phalanges Name the 5 regions of the vertebral column and state the number of vertebrae in each region. Thoracic (7) Cervical (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5) Coccyx (4) State the 4 functions of the skeletal system Protection Movement- joints and sites for muscle attachment Blood production- red blood cels, white blood cells & platelets Storage- calcium & phosphorus

Classification of Bones

Learning Outcomes:  Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge and understanding of the skeletal system and its use in sport Success Criteria: Acquire knowledge and understanding:  Classification of bones: long (leverage); short (weight bearing); flat (protection, broad surface for muscle attachment); irregular (protection and muscle attachment Apply the knowledge (explain / show how the content links to a sports example)  Identify examples from sport when each bone classification is used. Analyse and Evaluate (look at information and form an opinion- giving strengths and weaknesses / positives & negatives)

Flat bones perform a number of functions.

2. Flat bones
   1. Protection for delicate areas. i.e. the cranium protects the brain.
3. Provides a broad surface area for muscle attachment. i.e. muscles in the back attach to the pelvis.

Short bones are light, small and very strong. The primary function is to support the weight of the body. The carpals in the wrist and the tarsals in the foot are examples of short bones. Carpals

3. Short bones