Outline โ Chemistry 110
1) Philosophy of science; Chemistry as science
a. Science (L. scientia) knowledge
i. โScience is the organization of thought.โ โ Alfred North Whitehead
b. Deductive testing of falsifiable theories โ Karl Popper
i. Problem of induction (reasoning from specific to general)
ii. Falsifiability versus verifiability
c. Scientific methods โ
i. Natural Law - summary/generalization of observations
ii. Theory - mechanistic explanation of systems
d. Objectives of Chemistry
i. Recognize patterns in the behavior of different substances.
ii. Develop a model to explain the observed patterns (quantitative if possible).
iii. Develop models that allow the prediction of the behavior of other substances.
2) Physical and chemical properties โ mass, volume, density; Problem solving
a. Measurement โ accuracy, precision; Metric and SI Units
i. Significant figures โ method of indicating precision
ii. Unit conversions โ English/Metric, prefixes; Applications โ density, dosages
b. Density โ mass per unit of volume
i. Density and specific gravity - floating and sinking
ii. Density calculations โ problem solving
3) Classification of matter
a. Classification of matter โ gas, liquid, solid
b. Classification of matter โ pure and mixture
c. Classification of matter โ element and compound
4) Physical changes โ Phase changes; Heat flow
a. Six types of phase change
i. Melting/Freezing
ii. Evaporation/Condensation
iii. Sublimation/Deposition
b. Mass and Energy Conservation โ mass-energy conservation
i. Heat flow โ Exothermic, Endothermic
ii. FACT โ Heat does not rise; hot air rises
c. Energy and Temperature โ types of energy; energy and temperature units
d. Specific Heat Capacity โ energy per gram per degree; Calorimetry
i. Specific heat calculations โ problem solving
5) Chemical changes โ Conservation of mass and energy; Heat flow
a. Chemical equations โ notation
b. Heat flow โ Exothermic, Endothermic
