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Final Study Guide Material Type: Notes; Professor: Stahle; Class: U.S. History II; Subject: History; University: College of Coastal Georgia; Term: Fall 2011;
Typology: Study notes
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o Pres o Well read, went to JHU o Had a stroke o Wanted to keep the US out of WWI o Was a peacemaker o Was president of Princeton o He brought the US into the war in order to keep the world safe for democracy o Pacifist o Wanted the US to practice neutrality during WWI o LUSITANIA o A British liner w/ Americans aboard o May 1915, a German U-boat torpedoed it o Caused unrestricted submarine warfare JOHN PERSHING, AEF o Asked that American soldiers be well trained before going to Europe o Led the American Expeditionary Forces o TREATY OF VERSAILLES o Ended the state war between Germany and the Allied powers o Forced Germany to disarm, pay war debts and be divided among the Allied powers. o Signed during the Paris Peace Conference o Removal of trade barriers, arms reductions o National self-determination for the people of the countries of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany o The US never ratified this treaty FOURTEEN POINTS o A speech done before Congress o Freedom of the Seas o No reshuffling of colonies o Respect of the principal of self-determination o 14th point—form a league of nations to keep the peace o Never ratified by the US Senate LEAGUE OF NATIONS o Founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference o Main purpose was to prevent a second world war, which obviously failed Would also supervise arms reduction, mediate disputes and curb aggressor nations through collective military action
o The US refused to join, which was a major weakness to the group ALICE PAUL o Suffragettes o Organized parades and whatnot HENRY FORD o Ford Motor o Used the assembly line CHARLES LINDBERGH o Flew solo across the Atlantic o “Spirit of St. Louis” FLAPPER o Very fashionable o Women, by choice, decided to have fewer children o Shorter hair, shorter dresses, etc SACCO AND VANZETTI o o 2 Italians immigrants who lived in Mass o o They were accused of a crime but there was not enough evidence o o They were accused of robbery and murder o o They were associated with anarchists o o It was evident that the jury and judge were biased against their past. o The Pope tried to intervene o Were executed in 1927 KU KLUX KLAN o A resurgence o Even the women were in it o Stone Mountain, GA o William Simmons founded the modern Klan o Anybody deemed dangerous to Anglo-Saxon culture was targeted o Infiltrated politics SCOPES TRIAL o Evolution taught in school o Many parents were offended by Darwin’s theory because it clashed with their religious beliefs. o Many states passed laws prohibiting teachers from teaching about Darwin’s evolutionary theories. o One teacher, Scopes, in taught it, was arrested and tried. o During the trial, the prosecution had William Jennings Bryan, but he was discredited. o The jury condemned Scopes 19 TH^ AMENDMENT o Women got the right to vote CRASH OF 1929
Monthly stipends were small but people were proud o Public Works Admin (PWA) Appointed Harold Ickes (Sect’y of Interior) Failed to put enough people to work because he was so particular They were building works and building He focused on the quality of the projects rather than helping people out. FDR replaced PWA with the Civil Works Admin o Civil Works Admin Harry Hopkins Four million men and women were put to work Building roads, school, playgrounds Many workers were unskilled FDR shut it down Replaced it w/ Works Progress Admin o Works Progress Admin Harry Hopkins Built hospitals, city halls, courthouses Employing artists Hired historians to write histories of states A theatre project w/ actors who preformed It failed to overcome the Depression By 1939, there were 10 million ppl unemployed JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES o General Theory of Employment Interest & Money o In times of depression and hardship, it is good for the gov’t to go into deficit spending. By putting people to work, the economy gets better. o Believed having Germany pay war debts were a bad idea. GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY o America’s policy w/ Latin America o Non-intervention and non-interference in Latin American affairs o US would participate in reciprocal exchanges w/ Latin American countries. NEUTRALITY ACTS o Prohibited loans or the sale of arms to countries that were fighting in the war o 1935—Ban on selling arms and war materials to those fighting in the war o 1936—Forbade all loans or credits to belligerents o 1937—US ships were forbidden to carry any passengers or articles to any belligerents; US citizens were forbidden to travel any ships from belligerent countries
o 1939—Allowed for arms trade w/ belligerent countries on the “cash and carry” basis CASH-AND-CARRY o You pay cash for our goods and carry them out on your own ships LEND LEASE ACT o If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you lend them your hose for free to make sure YOUR house doesn’t catch on fire o The US lent other Allied nations materials between 1941-1945. MUSSOLINI/FASCISM o Mussolini = Italy o Was deposed in a coup in July 1943 o HITLER/NAZISM o Hitler = Germany NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN/ APPEASEMENT o Let’s just give Hitler what he wants and he’ll quit MUNICH CONFERENCE o Permitted Nazi Germany to annex Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland o Seen as a failed appeasement attempt towards Germany PEARL HARBOR o December 7, 1941 o Japan attacks Hawaiian naval base D-DAY o June 6, 1944 o US invades Normandy to attack the Germans o Single bloodiest day of the war BATTLE OF THE BULGE o Germany launched a major attack in France o December to Jan o A major German offense EL ALAMEIN o Germans could not get to the oil fields in N. Africa o British offense defeated Germany MANHATTAN PROJECT o Secret project for the work on the Atomic Bomb YALTA CONFERENCE o Big Three discussed postwar arrangements, division of Germany o Both FDR and Churchill tried to convince Stalin for free elections in Poland o A diplomatic defeat for the US and a victory for the USSR
o End when USSR becomes Russia again