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Study Guide for Final Exam - United States History II | HIST 2112, Study notes of United States History

Final Study Guide Material Type: Notes; Professor: Stahle; Class: U.S. History II; Subject: History; University: College of Coastal Georgia; Term: Fall 2011;

Typology: Study notes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 12/13/2011

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HIST 2112
STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM
WOODROW WILSON
o Pres
o Well read, went to JHU
o Had a stroke
o Wanted to keep the US out of WWI
o Was a peacemaker
o Was president of Princeton
o He brought the US into the war in order to keep the
world safe for democracy
o Pacifist
o Wanted the US to practice neutrality during WWI
o
LUSITANIA
o A British liner w/ Americans aboard
o May 1915, a German U-boat torpedoed it
o Caused unrestricted submarine warfare
JOHN PERSHING, AEF
o Asked that American soldiers be well trained before
going to Europe
oLed the American Expeditionary Forces
o
TREATY OF VERSAILLES
o Ended the state war between Germany and the Allied
powers
o Forced Germany to disarm, pay war debts and be divided
among the Allied powers.
o Signed during the Paris Peace Conference
o Removal of trade barriers, arms reductions
o National self-determination for the people of the
countries of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
o The US never ratified this treaty
FOURTEEN POINTS
o A speech done before Congress
o Freedom of the Seas
o No reshuffling of colonies
o Respect of the principal of self-determination
o 14th point—form a league of nations to keep the peace
o Never ratified by the US Senate
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
o Founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference
o Main purpose was to prevent a second world war, which
obviously failed
Would also supervise arms reduction, mediate
disputes and curb aggressor nations through
collective military action
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HIST 2112

STUDY GUIDE FOR FINAL EXAM

 WOODROW WILSON

o Pres o Well read, went to JHU o Had a stroke o Wanted to keep the US out of WWI o Was a peacemaker o Was president of Princeton o He brought the US into the war in order to keep the world safe for democracy o Pacifist o Wanted the US to practice neutrality during WWI o  LUSITANIA o A British liner w/ Americans aboard o May 1915, a German U-boat torpedoed it o Caused unrestricted submarine warfare  JOHN PERSHING, AEF o Asked that American soldiers be well trained before going to Europe o Led the American Expeditionary Forces o  TREATY OF VERSAILLES o Ended the state war between Germany and the Allied powers o Forced Germany to disarm, pay war debts and be divided among the Allied powers. o Signed during the Paris Peace Conference o Removal of trade barriers, arms reductions o National self-determination for the people of the countries of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany o The US never ratified this treaty  FOURTEEN POINTS o A speech done before Congress o Freedom of the Seas o No reshuffling of colonies o Respect of the principal of self-determination o 14th point—form a league of nations to keep the peace o Never ratified by the US Senate  LEAGUE OF NATIONS o Founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference o Main purpose was to prevent a second world war, which obviously failed  Would also supervise arms reduction, mediate disputes and curb aggressor nations through collective military action

o The US refused to join, which was a major weakness to the group  ALICE PAUL o Suffragettes o Organized parades and whatnot  HENRY FORD o Ford Motor o Used the assembly line  CHARLES LINDBERGH o Flew solo across the Atlantic o “Spirit of St. Louis”  FLAPPER o Very fashionable o Women, by choice, decided to have fewer children o Shorter hair, shorter dresses, etc  SACCO AND VANZETTI o o 2 Italians immigrants who lived in Mass o o They were accused of a crime but there was not enough evidence o o They were accused of robbery and murder o o They were associated with anarchists o o It was evident that the jury and judge were biased against their past. o The Pope tried to intervene o Were executed in 1927  KU KLUX KLAN o A resurgence o Even the women were in it o Stone Mountain, GA o William Simmons founded the modern Klan o Anybody deemed dangerous to Anglo-Saxon culture was targeted o Infiltrated politics  SCOPES TRIAL o Evolution taught in school o Many parents were offended by Darwin’s theory because it clashed with their religious beliefs. o Many states passed laws prohibiting teachers from teaching about Darwin’s evolutionary theories. o One teacher, Scopes, in taught it, was arrested and tried. o During the trial, the prosecution had William Jennings Bryan, but he was discredited. o The jury condemned Scopes  19 TH^ AMENDMENT o Women got the right to vote  CRASH OF 1929

 Monthly stipends were small but people were proud o Public Works Admin (PWA)  Appointed Harold Ickes (Sect’y of Interior)  Failed to put enough people to work because he was so particular  They were building works and building  He focused on the quality of the projects rather than helping people out.  FDR replaced PWA with the Civil Works Admin o Civil Works Admin  Harry Hopkins  Four million men and women were put to work  Building roads, school, playgrounds  Many workers were unskilled  FDR shut it down  Replaced it w/ Works Progress Admin o Works Progress Admin  Harry Hopkins  Built hospitals, city halls, courthouses  Employing artists  Hired historians to write histories of states  A theatre project w/ actors who preformed  It failed to overcome the Depression  By 1939, there were 10 million ppl unemployed  JOHN MAYNARD KEYNES o General Theory of Employment Interest & Money o In times of depression and hardship, it is good for the gov’t to go into deficit spending. By putting people to work, the economy gets better. o Believed having Germany pay war debts were a bad idea.  GOOD NEIGHBOR POLICY o America’s policy w/ Latin America o Non-intervention and non-interference in Latin American affairs o US would participate in reciprocal exchanges w/ Latin American countries.  NEUTRALITY ACTS o Prohibited loans or the sale of arms to countries that were fighting in the war o 1935—Ban on selling arms and war materials to those fighting in the war o 1936—Forbade all loans or credits to belligerents o 1937—US ships were forbidden to carry any passengers or articles to any belligerents; US citizens were forbidden to travel any ships from belligerent countries

o 1939—Allowed for arms trade w/ belligerent countries on the “cash and carry” basis  CASH-AND-CARRY o You pay cash for our goods and carry them out on your own ships  LEND LEASE ACT o If your neighbor’s house is on fire, you lend them your hose for free to make sure YOUR house doesn’t catch on fire o The US lent other Allied nations materials between 1941-1945.  MUSSOLINI/FASCISM o Mussolini = Italy o Was deposed in a coup in July 1943 o  HITLER/NAZISM o Hitler = Germany  NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN/ APPEASEMENT o Let’s just give Hitler what he wants and he’ll quit  MUNICH CONFERENCE o Permitted Nazi Germany to annex Czechoslovakia’s Sudetenland o Seen as a failed appeasement attempt towards Germany  PEARL HARBOR o December 7, 1941 o Japan attacks Hawaiian naval base  D-DAY o June 6, 1944 o US invades Normandy to attack the Germans o Single bloodiest day of the war  BATTLE OF THE BULGE o Germany launched a major attack in France o December to Jan o A major German offense  EL ALAMEIN o Germans could not get to the oil fields in N. Africa o British offense defeated Germany  MANHATTAN PROJECT o Secret project for the work on the Atomic Bomb  YALTA CONFERENCE o Big Three discussed postwar arrangements, division of Germany o Both FDR and Churchill tried to convince Stalin for free elections in Poland o A diplomatic defeat for the US and a victory for the USSR

o End when USSR becomes Russia again