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Memory: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, and Forgetting, Study notes of Psychology

St. Johns River Community CollegePsychology

This chapter explores various aspects of memory, including the processes of encoding, storage, consolidation, and retrieval. It covers the atkinson-shiffrin model, the nature of memory, and the role of biology in memory formation and forgetting. Topics include sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, working memory, memory tasks, memory as a reconstruction, eyewitness testimony, repressed memories, flashbulb memory, memory and culture, the serial position effect, context and memory, the hippocampus and hippocampal region, neural changes and memory, and hormones and memory. Forgetting is also discussed, with causes such as encoding failure, decay theory, interference, consolidation failure, motivated forgetting, and retrieval failure.

Typology: Study notes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 04/04/2010

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Chapter Six
I. Remembering
A. Introduction
1. Encoding-transformation of information
into form that can be stored
2. Storage-Keeping and maintaining
information
3. Consolidation-physiological changes in
brain to store information
4. Retrieval- info brought to mind
A. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
1. Sensory memory-George Sperling and the
letter experiment
2. Short term memory -7 + 2 bits of info
a. Displacement loosing information
b. Chunking
c. Associating STM with LTM
d. Rehearsal-
1. Counting backwards by three
experiment
pf3
pf4
pf5

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Download Memory: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, and Forgetting and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Chapter Six I. Remembering A. Introduction

  1. Encoding-transformation of information into form that can be stored
  2. Storage-Keeping and maintaining information
  3. Consolidation-physiological changes in brain to store information
  4. Retrieval- info brought to mind A. Atkinson-Shiffrin Model
  5. Sensory memory-George Sperling and the letter experiment
  6. Short term memory -7 + 2 bits of info a. Displacement loosing information b. Chunking c. Associating STM with LTM d. Rehearsal-
  7. Counting backwards by three experiment
  1. Allan Baddeley-working memory a. Maintainance rehearsal-repeating over and over b. Elaborative rehearsal relating new information to something you already know
  2. Long term Memory No limits a. Declarative memory stores facts, info, and personal life experiences that can be brought to mind and declared or stated 1. Episodic Memory-Mental diary 2.Semantic memory-objective facts or info 3.Two types work together b. Non-declarative memory-stores motor skills, habits, and CR

D. Flashbulb Memory

  1. Vivid
  2. Not necessarily accurate
  3. Forgotten at same rate E. Memory and Culture
  4. Bartlett, the Swazi, and cows
  5. History of the tribe
  6. Aboriginal women and American women F. The Serial Position Effect
  7. Remembering items at the beginning or ending of a sequence
  8. Primary effect- tendency to recall items at beginning of sequence

G. Context and Memory

  1. Return to the living room
  2. Godden and Baddeley-University diving club
  3. Same interviewer
  4. State-dependent memory effect-recall info better if in the same state (psychological or pharmacological) it was learned in. III. Biology and Memory A. Hippocampus and Hippocampal Region
  5. Hippocampal region-contains ability to use working memory to store info into long-term memory
  6. Anterograde amnesia B. Nueronal Changes and Memory
  7. Sea snail
  8. Long term Potentiation
  1. Motivated forgetting a. Suppression-still aware of event b. Repression c. Amnesia d. Prospective forgetting-dentist’s office
  2. Retrieval Failure V. Improving Memory A. Overlearning B. Massed practice C. Spaced practice