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The economic and political conditions that led to the crisis of the old regime in france, focusing on the failures of monarchial government, the contributions of the nobility, and key figures such as maupeou, turgot, necker, and calonne. It also covers the consolidation of the revolution through the tennis court oath, the declaration of the rights of man and citizen, and the reforms of 1791. Additionally, it discusses napoleon's impact on french politics and society.
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Essays a.) “The Old Regime in Crisis” Features of Crisis
o Made rights of property owners sacrosanct, the majority of the articles concerned private property o Equality of all people before the law and freedom of religion o Men control family and family property (These are just non-military accomplishments of Napoleon, you can form your own opinion about his status based on given examples) Peninsular War 1808- Portugal and Spain outraged Napoleon appointed his brother as King of Spain. Resisted with the help of Arthur Wellesley, British troops and guerilla warfare. Napoleons Concordat 1801 agreement between Napoleon and Pope Pius VII that reaffirmed Roman Catholic Church as religion of French people, giving some power back to the church Law of Suspects Sept. 17, 1793 allowed creation of revolutionary tribunals to try those suspected of treason against Republic and punish those convicted with death Assignats Bonds issued from profit of land to pay off debt. Issued after confiscation of church property in 1790 because the gov't was bankrupt levee en masse August 23, 1793 idea that new political rights given to the mass of the French people also created new obligations to the state All able-bodied men were expected to defend the nation lettres de cachet Abolished after Rev. by the Nat. Assembly, but reestablished by Napoleon in 1801 --subjects could be sentenced without a trial. Sans culottes 1790 consisted of the power members of the Third Estate. Mostly working class radicals of the revolution Committee of Public Safety Leading figure was Robespierre, the committee assumed more power as it oversaw the Terror. Put to death thousands of people considered 'enemies of the Rev." The Thermidorians reduced their power and eventually, in 1794 abolished it.
Le Chapelier Law June 14, 1791, prohibited workmen from joining together to refuse to work for a master. A victory for those in favor of free trade. Juenesse Doree "guilded youth", name given to a body of young people who after the fall of Robespierre, strove to bring about a counter revolution. Arthur Wellesley Irish soldier and statesman. Rose to prominence as a general in Napoleonic Wars. Served as ambassador to France after exile of Napoleon in 1814, returned to fight Napoleons forces during the Hundred Days war in 1815. Marquis de Condorcet Arrested by the Jacobins for alleged counter-rev. action and was condemned to death. He was an influential philosophe of the late Enlightenment and was elected to the assembly in
He believed all citizens had a voice in gov't and women's rights. He opposed slavery and the death penalty. He died of apoplexy or suicide in his cell before his execution date. Metric System Part of the scientific enlightenment. Consisted of factors of 10 led to the proposal of a new calendar consisting of 10-day weeks and 10 months of the year named after weather patterns. flight to varennes Fearing the growing violence, hoping for support from other European monarchs, Louis XVI and his family tried to flee France in June 1791. They were apprehended by the Nat. Guard in Varennes and were prevented from continuing their journey. His attempt was seen as treacherous Olympe de Gouges Daughter of a butcher who, in 1791 wrote "the rights of Women". She insisted on women's rights to education, property control in marriage and to initiate a divorce. She was among the Girondins guillotined by the Convention in 1793 Society of Thirty A group including liberal nobles from very old families that met to discuss, debate and distribute liberal political pamphlets. They proposed that the third estate be entitled to twice as many reps in the estates general as the nobility and clergy. Cahiers de doleances King Louis XVI asked local assemblies and first to estates to draw up a list of grievances which the estates general would discuss. Some Cahiers criticized monarchical absolutism and others called for a new national representative body