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INTRODUCTION
Flooring is a crucial part of any Interior Designing and can easily make or break your space. While our first interaction with a space is visual, the first physical contact a person will have with your space is Flooring. Mostly, Flooring is the first impression when we enter in any place. Since the floor is underfoot & takes up so much real estate in any space, it has a significant impact on the aesthetic of your place. If you want to change the look, change the floor. Flooring can make your space look instantly cooler, warmer, larger or smaller. 1 “Selecting a complementary flooring or selecting according to the customer’s choice” is a must. The flooring material should be chosen as per the requirement of the user & based on applications which provides the most satisfying results for objective. Flooring is one of the most important elements in any building and influences so many factors that will ultimately have an impact on whether the space was a success or not. That’s why, Flooring is one of the most important elements in interiors, so it should be chosen according to the factors like comfort, effect, aesthetics, trends, etc. 2 Floorings like Vinyl, Carpet, Epoxy systems, Safety & Rubber flooring are good for commercial area.
- HISTORY: A lot of flooring materials today are called "traditional“. In some cases, this is just marketing language, but in other cases, it's actually historically accurate, as some flooring materials have been around in one form or another since ancient times. ➢ The First Floors: The very first floors used in interior construction were made simply of the ground itself. ➢ Ancient Indian Flooring: Traditional dirt floors were given a new twist in the Indian subcontinent with the addition of an array of colorful decorative sands. ➢ Natural Stone Flooring: Stone construction was first developed in Egypt over 5000 years ago, with the building of palaces and monuments using large bricks of mountain-cut material. ➢ Roman Heated Stone Floors: During the Roman Empire, the art of natural stone flooring reached new heights of innovation. 3
- ANTI-BACTERIAL FLOORING: ➢ Germ-free tiles: Antimicrobial or germ-resistant vitrified and ceramic tiles are a recent innovation. ➢ Vinyl flooring: Vinyl flooring are waterproof, have a soft feel underfoot and are available in various styles and colors. ➢ Antimicrobial carpet: Antimicrobial carpets reduce the number of fungi, bacteria and dust mites which might flourish in the fibers of the carpet.
Any study which is being conducted needs to be supported by the similar studies conducted during last decades as they provide a strong base for planning, conducting and evaluating the study thereby the studies were reviewed. Harris et al. ( 2009 ) gathered three flooring material i.e. Terrazzo, Rubber & Carpet to be compare for health care, absorption of sound, comfort & light reflectance and they found carpet flooring is better for sound absorption, comfort underfoot & easy cleanability. Aksamija. ( 2010 ) have examined the environmental impact of flooring materials is the aggregate of impacts of raw material properties and composition. They compared linoleum, vinyl composition tile (VCT), nylon carpet tile, composite marble tile, ceramic tile, terrazzo, cork and rubber floorings to see the uses & effects of flooring. Dabra ( 2017 ) have compared the indoor environmental quality of patient rooms & the effects of flooring on the basis of their safety, comfort, satisfaction and quality of care. Objective analysis was done to complete their surveys. They have studied & analyzed on the experience of the patients. Dantata et al. ( 2019 ) compared between two floorings i.e. ceramic & wood, to see the how does the flooring works & how it affects the thermal comfort of room/space. They also examined & summarized the effect of flooring on human thermal & comfort with questionnaire, comparison form.
REVIEW OF LITRETURE
The following project/study has been worked in order to collect data of Flooring, it’s types & designs. The purpose behind selecting this topic is that, Flooring is important for an Interior Designer and It’s a vast topic to study on, as I got information about different types & designs of flooring. Also, I have collected information about what type of flooring I have chosen and what effects & uses it has. The study was conducted on the costing, quality, color, advantages, disadvantages, effects & material of flooring, as well. Projects, videos & research papers were reviewed to study this topic. Pictures of flooring designs have shown in this project. Analysis & comparison of the types & designs of flooring was done.
METHODOLOGY
2. Wood:
- Wooden flooring can be used everywhere & easily available.
- Hardwoods, such as oak, maple and cherry, are among the most durable species, making them ideal for long-lasting looks. Wooden flooring is great for cold weather and gives a classy look if combined with other types of flooring.
- Advantages: Available in various types & colors, boost your interior, Increases the value of your area, can be restored easily.
- Disadvantages: Cost & installation services, Prone to water damage, Gets scratched easily.
- Prices: Glossy Rs 85 /Sq.ft. to Rs 550 /Sq.ft. Matte Rs 48 /Sq.ft. to Rs 730 /Sq.ft. 6
3. Carpet:
- Carpet is made of woven nylon, polyester, olefin, or wool fibres. Carpet offers amazing softness and beauty to a room. There is a wide variety of colors and patterns to choose from.
- Advantages: Warmth, Comfort, Safety, Styles & colors, Works as a sound barrier.
- Disadvantages: Maintenance, Sensitivity, Allergies.
- Shape Min Price Max Price Rectangular Rs 99 /Piece Rs 3000 /Piece Rectangular Rs 13 /Sq.Ft Rs 250 /Sq.ft. Square Rs 320 /Piece Rs 2000 /Piece Square Rs 70 /Sq.ft. Rs 200 /Sq.ft. 7
- Flooring can be divided into two types i.e. Natural & Artificial.
➢ NATURAL FLOORING: There are various types of Natural Flooring like Kota, Marble, Granite, Shahabad,
Sandstone, etc.
1.Kota:
2.Granite:
Price: 2 'x 4 ' 18 /- sq. ft., 2 'x 4. 5 ' 18 /- sq. ft., 2 'x 5 ' 22 /- sq. ft., 2 'x 5. 5 ' 22 /- sq. ft. Price: Rs 80 to 450 /- Square Feet.
3. Marble: 4. Shahabad:
Price: Rs 55 /Square Feet to Rs 400 /Square Feet. Price: Rs. 15 /- Square Feet.
3. Ceramic:
Price: 5 - 10 mm Rs 20 /Square Feet Rs 85 /Square Feet. 10 - 15 mm Rs 20 /Square Feet Rs 50 /Square Feet. Price: Rs 35 /- square feet.
4. Terrazzo:
➢ The most common types of flooring used in commercial buildings are: 9 1.Vinyl: 2. Safety flooring:
- Commercial carpets and carpet tiling:
- Epoxy flooring systems: (^) 5. Rubber flooring: Price: Rs 35/- Square Feet to Rs 220/- Square Feet. Price: 75/- Square Feet. Price: 75/-^ to 145/-^ per Square Feet. Price: Rs 45/Square Feet to Rs 90/Square Feet. Price: Rs 150/-Square Feet to Rs 210/- Square Feet.
➢ TRENDING FLOORS:
Flooring plays an important role in the overall look of a space. It can define the feel and create an impressive "wow" factor. The color & texture of a floor can bring a room to life, add warmth and form a natural backdrop to the overall space.
- Shades of Grey: Greys has quickly become the most popular trend, not just for flooring, but for kitchens and homes in general.
- Marble look tiles: This trend is also not really new. Natural stone looks are increasingly becoming more popular.
- Natural look: Bringing everything back to the basics and keeping it simple will be a fundamental aspect of the next decade.
- Large Porcelain tiles: From traditional to truly unique, floor tile is available in all shapes and sizes these days. Large format tiles make your place look bigger, especially if you choose a light color. 11
REVIEW & CONCLUSION
The Flooring Designs of different materials, colors, textures are available all over the India. Floorings like Vinyl, Carpet, Rubber, Porcelain, Ceramic, Terrazzo, Vitrified, Safety floors, Coba, Wood, Laminated floors, Kota, Granite, Marble, etc. all are easily available in Maharashtra. The following project briefly describes that some floorings like Rubber, Carpet, Terrazzo with easy cleanability, comfort & slip resistant and some floorings like Ceramic & Wood with their good effects on human being are better quality floorings for commercial area. Durability & large foot traffic wise Timber, Cork, Vinyl, Stone floorings are good. Most commonly used flooring for commercial area is Carpet but it is not so good in maintenance & cleanability. Therefore, the best floorings for commercial areas, buildings & stores are Vinyl, Safety floors, Epoxy floor systems, Rubber & Carpet floorings. As an Interior Designer, we have to think from all the aspects & work accordingly. Flooring plays an important role in interiors either it is commercial or residential. As I have studied & collected information of Flooring for Commercial Area, I personally think that any flooring used in these areas/buildings should be best in Durability, Hardness (strong floors), Smoothness (comfort) & most important Safety of customers. The flooring should also be best in their usage, effects & advantages. So, Floorings like Vinyl, Vitrified, Rubber, Hardwood, Safety floors, Epoxy systems & Carpet floors are best for any commercial area.
1 https://www.garrisoncollection.com/blog/interior-design-flooring importance/#:~:text=Flooring%20is%20a%20crucial%20part,ultimately%20impact%20its%20overall%20success 2 https://topcarpetsandfloors.co.za/blog/the-importance-of-flooring-in-design-by-dave-nemeth/ 3 https://www.thespruce.com/history-of-flooring-part-one- 1315058#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20stone%20in,bed%20to%20form%20an%20image. 4 https://www.houzz.in/magazine/what-are-the-best-antimicrobial-flooring-materials-stsetivw-vs~ 5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_vinyl_flooring#:~:text=Sheet%20vinyl%20flooring%20is%20vinyl,large%2C% 0continuous%2C%20flexible%20sheets.&text=Vinyl%20flooring%20is%20extensively%20used,variety%20of%20ap pearances%2C%20and%20inexpensive 6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_flooring 7 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet
8 https://www.slideshare.net/kaiwan1996/timber-flooring- 51474202 9 https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Types_of_flooring 10 https://www.microban.com/blog/build-it-with-antimicrobial-flooring 11 https://www.commercialdesignindia.com/insights/5252- 4 - flooring-trends-to-watch-out-for-in- 2020 - by-a-class-surfaces
