Partial preview of the text
Download Study notes of Surveying and more Study notes Civil Engineering in PDF only on Docsity!
mo) Pytndpal of Sore te yang > @ oration OF 0 point by measeement Bram ‘fen porrih =) OF - weferance: a A f, * : y fee ; S&S) oN 5 7 - 5 a > o SN =] ; ies oo aed | ' . Po ; ' : ; e? » ; chan ‘. : Guner OfBet ae 3 : pmethed Curved . A , : © ) ro ~ | > US MBE very } 8 Frases is cig i) i @ \wiorkng feren, CONOLE. forest: e fast pode combol poms PF —Sentrnq caOhave. distance ave mesused lth niner dofails can Le. -foken @rte/) ent inugured fm) ocr cere’ uot MOF be aaemesatee . fy Peeumrasy. On Enors: (D Befinetcons a OF a pra midinney of cheb Moojeument: aye freed and “higher aoeuyaey EN val (ess fRre2s ar n meoasamert (DP Flco wuraagy !> Degree OF Perserton obtared () Moakenn . Bont, 1 Catted Aormwoy > by usmg INSbIMLINE Corvcol meuammneny @nd Crreeke > aoa OF prolalrlry s * . if a + We ie ‘ ‘ {hs +4 -02-0' oO euss 7 > Arctomtal, enae's foulcted a definite. yele. method lout OF fowotrbelta.« ; Als pes tho tard ae contin JO possi diutrtheetcen Cure OF een ay Real, ene hese higher frequency, 4han ercge_ eniaes + postive. and Aegatnie erirs OF Same mogniiude hase ~ Qure. fiequietioy. + By True MAWES Expoat- uate OF A quanhify, . Lamar rmpossd/e to meayure) F ty fhost qookable. Value the wate oF meaxrment eaheeh we Chanos of bem the comeep ofa quatre fro) alles Meaiemend called may probable uate hy Fercipal OF lead Aquyae +> Mask [oobable \otne oF quently jx 9 ber eathooh Sum of o Quore. oF a ysnluol exer vy win. Ge adhen alt Mmeagy * vrnen “hare. equa cacight x, x2. Xa “=== Sy (equal woergh = 169 RegQdaat enor: Jr may fprabve Vatwe = x © Quare Cr-2yF is oa = As pew founerpal oF (eos Suare he CE) 4 Creep = — 5 ar”? > SY _ al g-m)+ale-t) +---- =0 da Se SCX + c0'y 1 = {io N- 2 = (xy + Bim 4 = 1) =© as ( ee a : =) = Mean ef abt Gr® Unequal cael ghtis ; Quavr.s peal ament- aoe gne OTP UY! Ressyehic 2-H) oy \nty i (x- a3) (Da ee og Vela : : ] x anu Cx Myr rx” a Nein iy Sun Rove Of vesrdeat eveyy. Ye Ope “ey. Dg (22 - Rasy ===4 SS mig. dy. ps ea = PA te (CO ee ay =O) 1p. > de OE: ta rap ae. as Or + 1s 4 = =a & Accumalattin of err: > M Re max. ever: > Yatal err: - Atgebsre Nan ef cul erers._ G-= t+ %r Craze ea ® fy froto ble CW > Sum = Reat meen Square guere. Cp= $Y ER + e+ e® + —-— we Eease’s i Competed Rasele}> @ Reditrer > : JE ARAM Y aac -teeo measursed Ss ity, Ot Max. arrest [Maxs. eur SPos= (erga) 7: (4tdy) > Stds = (ery) + (Sx+ Sy) ¢ Coe os = (Se #84) max. emer tin S Protable enor : — Qre: On and Cu \ fond yoy Range of Ss Sam Cf prookahle Arras C54 es) fo (5. es) : (i) Sub- Teohron '- a. by alee! a j i = de che - Ci) n aly Max: exror pf + Sx and Sy OX oy. Ore for (2 > Ss = § (+&c) = fies Sip) - ds = + (8x4 Sy) H 2 dx L+ Sy) — =i See i ) Ss = aa (Sx + Sy) Range oF s . Se (S+ Ss).to ( Ais Ss) Proladte vam ee Sse ze “yd (exyy (eu Range = [$+ esto (S- ©S) (in) Meateteucatiany : > Ge ey ds srcley -) yde. Max- eEvoOr Regpectiite. ©OFTS oF namly > de an fors it > } dr ih E> Op erty sy fonge (5-1 Ss) to CS~ ds) Probable Corer: i aa Respect se Sse OF seand +} -> Ce and Cy fro & oor fh *K > her ee ces OY, » @eee umn. GS Bb @ f) u } i} LA qual VO Sym OF feon Meare cf quantities se CON yp LF, GS. ROD - FOUR fined ool pow ba ble (ie 28 iy ) aya vert mes! — paorbcte crralls Mar: Liroriks ; t S'h% oOseos Sx 0 00275 bre 5 rors by far bec ble CWEEE - eUor of t re - 7690 EO: 00OS 3 y Gotertions > Dormer ehtneiel @.8EDF ( fors > Ss = G4 Sy Ss = Oo05 + DooeS Ss = ©0055 Range fro. CANO = g (Sts) do LS Se) A232 4070055 eho 9: 22% - 0-08 35 (2) mov pookable. ewan: — Mas ee ferrrege 3 \ [io m2sy+ (0-000 5) % Cg= O° DORSIR protable. ‘wang e of S - Stes to S- es 32% tO TBR 30S! ~ © OO QS/Q GA3RSS Hoy =~ t Bre @ vyantoh yhe max. 4 padhable evr - OF A Conk taannty. + @ nash el OF S Lp-b Fi pene Saletan: Mox AS q°58 Se = OOF A= D'OOXS eu = Oo ty. 60 SY ~ oos oF oO S. 2-006 ok = yore = statu as 4 ; ds oe ~ “ye Ny < TOND-0 2Ht%DBDB2L232 6080 2 ~ & 9 8 3 5S 5 b Qremews oS e ®& Amganal Rates sack an meansure? apio 3 amensran: @ ‘ horry: B Used 1 MIAN Amritiay h rangle nerf : 228 8 » R624 = -Hmee. dramentod yy aAbaine Gre @ meler (2) ceermeler @) Yewnier &ale > @ Orret vornrer Nale > cn +h cote abe upio ° Giomentyion Can be. e6ad swe Beye i we ene gale a rs =f " seca + lo Ay st 9 Leen 4 ne 1h? Many Gale. To Gk We O76 Cours _- ante OF dred Vewmr ole | O Verner seate Mentwers 1 Some direolean os oF" Man Scose €) (re) fowts OF main Seale. ip equal + 1) cleanser 1rrdd of vermres Bale. ~~ e S "e@o@e¢ Cn-Ds poean Seale Oy \yorrmet Scabe. ~ OS: Ws NI (hv) 8 ue Sa priya) wave Wor Usihgy oO sealer collet Least Coen wed Leas Coenr? leay Coud of Aes ermet = Scale. - Sate OF rn Cape of Retov grok. Scale dreeter9 8 the aap eer2le (B Reteoqead ee Seale moues /) capposile- ry \hewo) : a aes ; Rebyo qoade « ale. e— te er 6 S 4) oe Nt ab lee pee te) =f a Poo be — 5 pyar seabe & =f @ (ned ports OF man Scae B equal ( paw? of ermies Seale: 1) ES eo, ' Te Mine (Hert) 2 We Es a s Gabe nah can be. yead magrig) a sate tp Cobted-teat ene foosF Coun > povermien tho crevcho oF Shounk af the Us @ =i Shain kage fexotas :- Et B Jongth b gerqmal Jong sp Shek Se oxigmal tength > Shiank \ Sole = Shon kage. SS fag gen exomp le- frotar x 8 rena} Scale. Sr. 2) 32 10 SF = ods shamkage facts x cwqinah Sole = ous * Sas Sherank Scale = 7 ae froin f 526-316 ) > Freak & Plan wh a deanoryg tem= Som B meamscaxed So 47-10 by- ptounmggmeler ; “pt coad absecbed rap -Hhe tsar Noy grant ond € | se eeeeatgioiny yor abeam on vests uk the Shounk cate and anty Bo cm - find ; avigeenl aaea at -the plan. ; Solukiéa:> roon. teng =~Q2enm ef gaigiral Long) = to cm Shan Fogo. faster = Shoun Kk Jeng ong™ feng yh _) Seppe <= 8: areal s s) She. lem = Som pom = Seo Ca) plalied to O ale Vi sand Qhant Stes Si x Ons OVA — ne =) \ =< t Saupe oO 2DQBSoS O08 Seale team = Sq-3s é ww ov gral area. = 250 cin? x CSH85)% BBN %O-G IN? Ps :- aa & Eur due +o xusrong lengih OF chain [9 Long) ( De-signaled )teggiy of Pape. [chain whsng Fong Of fupe foharn | aot col tong)” J re ‘ 1 / J OH Moawe rs d Cutlery) feng of a bine oS So & @s \=- Taae ol Jide tneagared ot gn Sy pth ea Tuer Ttve = Cotes) Bf oy OOS Gxt me Goes a) %: oue. Jaralh of dine A - a! f 8 air ? - Pe 30M) Chain if Actually 80:20 tang, hab ase! Q be the aetaat Wet ul OF Oo dine Hohe ps Mewured 3052 (9 Gib, alsaue. ope - ‘ ' ' ae $ Va L wd wer (= 301 t= Bo720 “ye fed! fi> 3054 mn é J. - S0'20m 3052 -—— sR = Ove « Aya CS i g fs 550 oe Boke +4 SM) | |