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Transitions in Late Adulthood
Widowhood living alone physical dependence MID-70's = When most transition happen before start of disabilities TERM 2
Developmental Tasks Late
Adulthood
DEFINITION 2 Staying Physically Healthy& Adjusting to Limitations Maintaining Adequate Income & Means of Support Adjusting to Revised Work Roles Establishing Acceptable Housing & Living Conditions Finding Companionship & Love Learning to Use Leisure Time Pleasurably Establishing New Roles in the Family TERM 3
Staying Physically Healthy & Adjusting to
Limitations (Late Adulthood)
DEFINITION 3 Harder to stay healthy Fear Loss/Decline... Vision ect. Keep GOOD HEALTH = important in life SATISFACTION in Elderly TERM 4
Maintaining Adequate Income & Means of
Support (Late Adulthood)
DEFINITION 4 Greater Percentage of WOMEN (65+) vs. Men in Poverty Need save & manage $$$ FINANCIALLY INDEPENDENT - greater SATISFACTION w/ daily life TERM 5
Adjusting to Revised Work Roles (Late
Adulthood)
DEFINITION 5 LESS STRESS IF: Choose to retire Plan for retirement Able to retire (when want to) (-) Less stressful if planned SATISFACTION & main REASONS FOR RETIREMENT: (+) job stress - ESCAPE - find rewards (-) pressure - EMPLOYER - less satisfaction & harder (+) desire to pursue own interest - MORE SATISFIED & EASIER - most satisfied if been preparing for it
Adjusting to Revised Work Roles (2) (Late
Adulthood)
MAINTAINING IDENTITY & SOCIAL STATUS:
Status when retire - MAY LOSE STATUS Identity when retire - MAY LOSE IDENTITY Who are they besides the worker? TERM 7
Establishing Acceptable Housing & Living
Conditions (Late Adulthood)
DEFINITION 7 Ability to keep & Maintain home Easier if have enough Money Other types of living: Assisted Living facility - Some Help Nursing Home - More Complete Help TERM 8
Finding Companionship & Love (Late
Adulthood)
DEFINITION 8 LONELINESS is 1 OF MOST COMMON COMPLAINTS Friendships Change: Acquaintances & casual friends = Less Important Close friends & Relatives = Stay Important TERM 9
Learning to Use Leisure Time Pleasurably
(Late Adulthood)
DEFINITION 9 Most have chance to enjoy themselves More leisure time Fun activities help feel better about themselves and about live TERM 10
Establishing New Roles in the Family (Late
Adulthood)
DEFINITION 10 Some possible new roles Grandparent Widow May have reversal eg. dependent... lose status & authority
Advantages (Widowhood)
Time of PERSONAL GROWTH REWARDING - rewards if feel can manage on own (independent). TERM 17
Criteria for "SUCCESSFUL" marriage
DEFINITION 17 Durability Approximation of ideals Fulfillment of needs satisfaction TERM 18
DURABILITY of Successful Marriage
DEFINITION 18 "success" = marriage LASTS over time to some, the longer together =more successful Stability & quality often, not always, go together TERM 19
APPROXIMATION OF IDEALS Successful
Marriage
DEFINITION 19 "success" = marriage MEETS COUPLE'S IDEALS (expectations) eg. have fun; get along; agree on certain issues POTENTIAL PROBLEM... UNREALISTIC expectations What expects marraige/spouse to be like) TERM 20
FULFILLMENT of NEEDS Successful Marriage
DEFINITION 20 "success' = marriage helps MEET PERSONS NEEDS psychological needs (eg. love & approval) Social needs (eg. friendship) Sexual needs (eg. physical fulfillment) BE AWARE of what partner needs need be able to partially meet them (PARTIAL FULFILLMENT) If not mutual fulfillment (1 mostly giver/reciever) - never gets tired, resentful marriage can't meet ALL needs
SATISFACTION Successful Marriage
"success" = couple is CONTENT, fulfilled How? marriage meets reasonable expectations & mutual needs What one needs varies b/w ppl Successful marriage Most marriages don't meed ALL needs... but TRY to improve marriage Happy w/ progress/efforts TERM 22
Pattern of Communication
DEFINITION 22 IS IMPORTANT IN HAPPINESS (W/ MARRIAGE) Response to POSITIVE STATEMENT Response to NEGATIVE STATEMENT INTERPRETATION of message VIEW OF positive / negative ACTIONS OF THEIR PARTNER TERM 23
Response to Positive Statement
COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION 23 Happy Marriage couple - Partner Returns/RECIPROCATES IN POSITIVE WAY (+) UNHAPPYcouple - NO IMMEDIATE RESPONSE TERM 24
Response to Negative Statement
COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION 24 Happycouples - NO IMMEDIATE Response Unhappycouples - both keep making NEGATIVE STATEMENTS TERM 25
Interpretation of Message COMMUNICATION
DEFINITION 25 Interpret as positive/Negative (+/-) Happy couples- try to FIX/SMOOTH communication Unhappycouples - more likely to RESPOND TO THE NEGATIVE (-) MESSAGE
COMMUNICATION: if Bad/Poor Communication
Can increase anger, frustration, etc. b/c hard get other to listen & understand TERM 32
ADMIRATION &
RESPECT
DEFINITION 32 support partner proud of partner's accomplishments (openly) EXPRESS APPRECIATION for partner BUILD each other's self-esteem compliments don't have to criticize partner to bring 'self up
- "UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD"=Accept person for who they are-Approve of partner unconditionally Not need 1st meet requirements TERM 33
COMPANIONSHIP
DEFINITION 33 Spend Quality time together!Quality time together Enjoy other's company Share Common Interests Interestedin other's hobbies/activities Mutually Involved If SHARE INTERESTS & DO THINGS TOGETHER & share SOME FRIENDS tend report more relationship satisfaction TERM 34
COMPANIONSHIP Unrealistic
DEFINITION 34 to expect do EVERYTHING together/share ALL interests don't have to have spouse as best friend for good marriage (friendship's important) TERM 35
SPIRITUALITY & VALUES
DEFINITION 35 SHARED/SIMILAR - (Beliefs & Values) can add to the success in the marriage religion CAN ADD to marriage religious ACTIVITIES ... share friends,activities Faith... encourageCOMMITMENT even through problems may give moral GUIDANCE... how handle conflict etc.
COMMITMENT Biggest Predictor
*BIGGEST PREDICTOR (Not Satisfaction/Investment) of relationship lasting. want to make marriage work time & effort willing to put (time & effort) into making marriage work eg. date night, time after dinner, loving greeting. TERM 37
COMMITMENT Mutual Commitment
DEFINITION 37 (better chance successful marriage) CAN'T SAVE RELATIONSHIP BY 'SELF Commitment TO 'SELF: Individual identity want to grow, be good partner willing to change Commitment TO THE RELATIONSHIP willing to support growth in relationship TERM 38
COMMITMENT Personal Identity
DEFINITION 38 Personal Identity: Try to keep it be an individual (while also part of the relationship) not focus too much on individual TERM 39
AFFECTION
DEFINITION 39 Amount?-Varies b/w people-eg. a lot/little physical contactWords-affection isn't just PHYSICAL-expresses APPREVIATION,APPROVAL-spouses in long-term happy marriages often give ATTENTION TO PARTNERS (+) QUALITIES (what like) rather than (-) ones TERM 40
THE ABILITY TO DEAL W/ CRISES &
STRESS
DEFINITION 40 TOLERANCE stronger couples tend have more tolerance (for frustration) don't take anger out on spouse/family POSITIVE ATTITUDE toward life more likely maintain satisfying marriage
WORK, STRESS, & THE FAMILY
Today's families... challenged by balancing work & family"work-family spillover" = how much participation in 1 area affects participation in another area work-family conflict tends lead --> unhappy w/ job & life jobs that tend to be more stressful (for family): periods of separation time-consuming TERM 47
BENEFITS (OF DUAL-EARNER FAMILIES)
DEFINITION 47 -(men & women) SENSE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT& SUCCESS eg. than can balance work-family -more INCOME/support TERM 48
NEEDED: More Time
DEFINITION 48 Lack time ---> Parents missing chance -(less time for) ... to connect with family if long work week - feel rushedNon-overlapping shifts/ work to balance work-family COSTS less time for relationship w/ spouse can increase stress for parent caring for kids by 'self BENEFITS can care for kids themselves can reduce child-care costs TERM 49
NEED: more time
II
DEFINITION 49 Relationships require... TIME & ATTN decide on priorities... is job, extra pay, etc. Worth cost to family? Some COPING STRATEGIES (managing time demands) SIMPLIFY (eg. casseroles... meals that last; minimal landscape Make a SCHEDULE ("TO DO" list; Prioritize it)
