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Summary of Urinary System Function and Fluid/Electrolyte Balance Concept Map
Objective: Review processes of urine formation and fluid and electrolyte balance, and show how they inter-relate.
Directions to student: You will work in groups of 2-4 students, without using books or notes. Your instructor will be available for input as needed. After you have submitted your concept map for instructor review, you may consult your notes (no textbook) to correct errors and complete the map.
Most of the terms and phrases you will need are listed in the following table. You may select from these, or use your own words. Where appropriate, add your own wording to further describe something. Some terms and phrases will be used more than once, and possibly some not at all. Numbers in ( ) following some terms and phrases suggest how many times they may be used.
Steps:
- Fill in the boxes under NEPHRON STRUCTURES with the names of the various nephron parts and urinary structures (see Table- column 1).
- Fill in the blanks numbered 1-3 with the 3 steps of urine formation.
- Fill in the blanks under DESCRIPTIONS/FUNCTIONS with the proper substances involved (see Table- column 2) and/or phrases that further describe that structure or explain a process (see table column 3).
- In the column under REGULATION/HOMEOSTASIS, fill in the proper terms or phrases that describe how that particular process is controlled (see Table- columns 2- 3).
- When you have finished step 4 above, add the following titles to the various sections you completed in step 4: a. Acid-base balance b. Potassium homeostasis c. Calcium homeostasis d. Maintenance of plasma volume and blood pressure homeostasis e. Osmoregulation
Structures Solutes, fluids, hormones, other substances
Descriptions/functions
Afferent arteriole
Efferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Bowman’s capsule
Distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle
Peritubular capillaries (2)
Venule
Renal artery
Renal vein
Principal cells
Intercalated cells
Juxtaglomerular cells
Baroreceptors (intra- renal)
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Adrenal cortex (2)
Posterior pituitary
Parathyroid glands
Water (4)
Small solutes
RBC’s
Protein
Glucose
Urea
Na+ (2)
K+ (2)
Ca++
H+ (3)
HCO (^3) - (2)
Cl-
ADH (3)
Aldosterone (3)
PTH
Renin
Angiotensinogen
Angiotensin I
Angiotensin II
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Filtrate
Tubular fluid
Urine
Hypertonic urine
Hypotonic urine
Glomerular filtration (2)
Tubular reabsorption (2)
Tubular secretion (2)
Return of substances from tubular fluid to blood
Movement of substances from blood into tubular fluid
Uses counter-current exchange to establish osmotic gradient in kidney medulla
Glomerular blood pressure (2)
Blood plasma osmotic pressure
Capsular hydrostatic pressure
Kidney “self-regulation” of glomerular blood flow to maintain relatively constant GFR
Vasoconstriction of afferent arteriole to reduce GFR
(Hypertonic or hypotonic?) blood plasma
(Too high or too low?) blood Ca++
(Too high or too low?) blood pressure
(Too high or too low?) blood K+
(Increases or decreases?) K+ secretion
(Increases or decreases?) Na+ reabsorption
Water follows Na+ by osmosis (2)
(Increases or decreases?) Ca++ reabsorption
(Increases or decreases?) water permeability of collecting duct cells
(Increases or decreases?) water reabsorption by osmosis
(Increase or decrease?) blood plasma Ca++ to normal
(Increase or decrease?) blood plasma K+ to normal
Restore blood plasma volume
Restore blood plasma acid-base balance; pH = 7.35-7.
Return blood plasma to isotonic condition
(2) Process:_________________________Describe: __________________________________________
(3) Process:_________________________Describe: __________________________________________
Consist of these regions:__________________ ____________________________________
Reabsorption:1. _______
6. ____________
2. _______
- (metabolic waste) ______
3. _______
- other ions
4. _______
- _____ follows by osmosis
- _______Secretion:1. _______Function:_________________________Reabsorption:1. Ca++2. Na+ and other ions3. ______ follows by osmosisSecretion:1. ______2. ______
Regulated by: ______________
(hormone)
Secreted by ________________in response to ______________
(stimulus)
Has this effect:_________________________,which in turn helps to_________________________.
__________________
Consist of 2 cell types:(1) _____________________(2) _____________________Reabsorption of ____________
Stimulus:_________________________Receptors are ______________located ___________________Stimulates secretion of:_____________ byjuxtaglomerular cells of thekidney. Mediates conversion of:_________________ (plasmaprotein produced by the liver) to____________________Converted to:_____________________in presence of ______________located in endothelium ofpulmonary capillaries.Stimulates _________________to produce ________________
(hormone)
Regulated by: ______________
(hormone)
Has this effect:_________________________which in turn causes _________which helps to _____________
And this causes:__________________
Fluid is now at the end of thenephron tubule system. It flows next into the_______________ (centralcollecting portion) of the kidney.Eliminated from body throughother urinary structures:________________________________________________________________________
Blood, its contents altered bythese processes, now flowsaway from the
nephron
by way
of _____________ (vessel type) Blood leaves
kidney
by way of
_________________ (vessel) tore-enter general circulation intothe inferior vena cava.
Consists of water and solutes
added
by
processes of:_______________________ and_______________________ minuswater and solutes
removed
by process
of: ________________________.Concentration is:_____________________ in presenceof _________
(hormone) Or __________________ in absence of__________.
(hormone) It is now _________ in its final form.
