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Lymph channels run parallel to which structures? - ✔✔veins Body temperature is regulated by the - ✔✔hypothalamus Which two electrolytes are essential for normal cardiac contractions? - ✔✔potassium and calcium Water constitutes what average normal percentage of total body weight? - ✔✔ 50 - 70% The thyroid gland consists of right and left lobes joined by the - ✔✔isthmus Langer lines generally lie perpendicular to the direction of - ✔✔underlying muscle tension The arterial supply to the intestinal tract, with the exception of the stomach, duodenum, and distal rectum, is derived from the - ✔✔superior and inferior mesenteric arteries Excessive secretion of growth hormones in adults causes - ✔✔acromegaly The inner lining of the mucosa of the g.i. tract is composed of - ✔✔epithelium The large artery that arises from the left side of the aortic arch and descends into the arm is the - ✔✔subclavian An enzyme active in the digestion of starches is - ✔✔amylase The normal pH of blodd is - ✔✔7.3 - 7.
Which cells secrete pepsinogen? - ✔✔chief Which of the following veins drains the intracranial venous sinuses to veins on the outside of the skull? - ✔✔emissary Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the brain? *anterior and middle cerebral arteries *vertebral and internal carotids *external and internal carotids *occipital and thyrocervical - ✔✔vertebral and internal carotids Which of the follwing arteries divides into the anterior and middle cerebral arteries? *internal carotid *external carotid *vertebral *basilar - ✔✔internal carotid Which of the following arteries is a direct branch of the internal carotid? - ✔✔middle cerebral The lateral ventricles within the cerebral hemisphere communicate with the third ventricle through the opening called - ✔✔Foramen of Monro The third ventricle of the brain empties into the fourth ventricle through the - ✔✔Aqueduct of Sylvius Spinal fluid is produced by the - ✔✔choroid plexus The fold of dura mater that seperates the cerebral hemispheres - ✔✔falx cerebri
A prolongation of the breast tissue located in the upper, outer part of the breast that passes through an opening in the axillary fascia is called the - ✔✔axillary tail of Spence The mammary gland is fixed to the overlying skin and underlying pectoral fascia by fibrous bands known as - ✔✔suspensory ligaments of cooper The arterial blood supply to the breast is supplied from branches of the - ✔✔internal mammary, axillary and lateral thoracic What is the loose areolar tissue that seperates the breast fromt he pectoralis major muscle? - ✔✔retromammary space Which lymph nodes are located between the pectoralis major and minor muscles? - ✔✔rotter Which nerves travel along the anterior-lateral chest wall and innervates the serratus anterior muscle? - ✔✔long thoracic What nerves innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle? - ✔✔thoracodorsal The nerve of Grassi is associated with the - ✔✔stomach The veins of sappey drain the - ✔✔diaphragm The node of Lund is located in the - ✔✔Triangle of Calot Where is Hartmann's pouch located? - ✔✔gallbladder infundibulum The small ducts that drain bile directly into the gallbladder are called - ✔✔Hepatic What is the name for the small pancreatic duct? - ✔✔Santorini
The three structures that form the anatomical triangle of Calot are - ✔✔cystic duct, common hepatic duct, lower edge of the liver The point of seperation between the posterior rectus sheath superiorly and absence of the sheath inferiorly is called the - ✔✔arcuate line At what point does the external iliac artery become the femoral artery? - ✔✔at the location of the inguinal ligament The avascular area located in the mesentery and to the left of the middle colic artery is - ✔✔the space of riolan The series of arcades along the mesenteric border thorughout the length of the colon is called the - ✔✔Margical artery of drummond Valves of the gallbladder are called - ✔✔heister What nerves are located lateral to the long thoracic nerve and innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle - ✔✔thoracodorsal Which ligament connects the thryoid to the trachea? - ✔✔berry The structure that bind the small intestine to the posterior abdominal wall is the - ✔✔mesentery The left gastric, right gastric, right gastroepiploic, left gastroepiploic, and short gastric arteries supply the
- ✔✔stomach The two muscles that form the pelvic diaphragm are - ✔✔levator ani and coccygeus
What structures are located in the anterior mediastinum? - ✔✔thymus, ascending aorta, lymph nodes The anatomical division between the inguinal and femoral regions is the - ✔✔poupart's ligament Hesselbach's triangle is bounded by the rectus abdominis muscle, inferior epigastric vessels and - ✔✔inguinal ligament The inner lining of the mucosa within the g.i. tract is composed of - ✔✔simple columnar epithelium Another name for the folds on the inner wall of the stomach is - ✔✔rugae The area where the common bile duct joins the pancreatic duct and enters the duodenum is called the - ✔✔ampulla of vater The uterine artery is a branch of th anterior trunk of the - ✔✔internal iliac artery The ovary is suspended from the posterior leaf of the broad ligament by the - ✔✔mesovarium The ovarian artery is a branch of the - ✔✔abdominal aorta What ligaments travel in the upper part of the broad ligaments below and in front of the fallopian tubes, passing over the vesicle vessels and nerve? - ✔✔round The utereine artery is a branch of the anterior trunk of the - ✔✔internal iliac artery Which ligaments enclose the round ligament and extends from the lateral surface of the uterus to the pelvic wall? - ✔✔broad
What is the nourishing coat of the eyeball that consists mainly of blood vessels? - ✔✔choroid The opthalmic artery divides into the - ✔✔supraorbital and supratrochlear Which rectus muscle moves the eyeball upward and medially? - ✔✔superior The recurrent laryngeal nerve that supplies the vocal cords lies very close to the - ✔✔inferior thyroid artery The arterial blood supply to the nose is from branches of the internal and external - ✔✔maxillary The five branches of the facial nerve from - ✔✔temporal, zygomatic, buccal, madibular, cervical Where do the mental nerves and vessels exit from the mandible? - ✔✔foramen In addition to the zygoma, which other bone comprises the zygomatic arch? - ✔✔temporal What is the principal muscle of the pelvic floor? - ✔✔levator ani The junction of the superior mesenteric and splenic veins forms the - ✔✔portal vein The tibial and common peroneal nerves are terminal branches of the what nerves? - ✔✔sciatic The arterial supply to the bladder is derives mainly from the - ✔✔internal iliac What structures of the kidney does urine drain into the major calyces? - ✔✔renal pelvis A rounded protuberance found at a point of articulation with another bone is called a - ✔✔condyle
Deoxygenated blood is carried from the right ventricle to the lungs via which structure? - ✔✔pulmonary arteries At the base of each internal carotid artery is an enlargement called the - ✔✔sinus The three protective tissue layers called the meninges lie in the following order, starting with the most superficial: - ✔✔duramater, arachnoid, pia mater (DAP) Fissure Sylvius separates the - ✔✔frontal and temporal lobe The great sensory nerve of the face and head is the - ✔✔trigeminal Which cranial nerve emerges from the medulla, passes through the skull, and descends through the neck region into the thorax and abdominal region? - ✔✔X Which cranial nerves innervate the superior oblique muscle? - ✔✔trochlear (IV) Which cranial nerves innervate the inferior, medial, superior rectus, inferior oblique, and levator palpebrae muscle of the eye? - ✔✔oculomotor (III) Which cranial nerves innervate the lateral rectus muscle of the eye? - ✔✔abducens (IV) The dura plan that seperates the cerebrum from the cerebellum is the - ✔✔tentorium cerebelli, transverse Know the arterial branches of the celiac trunk - ✔✔right hepatic artery left hepatic artery proper hepatic artery celiac trunk
splenic trunk left gastric artery common hepatic artery gastroduodenal artery Know the following vessels - ✔✔inferior mesenteric vein, superior mesenteric vein, superior hemorrhoidal vein, splenic vein, right gastric artery, portal vein Know the nerves int he axillary region - ✔✔lateral pectoral long thoracic thoracodorsal medial pectoral Know the structures of the biliary tract - ✔✔common bile duct ampulla of vater intrahepatic ducts right hepatic duct left hepatic duct gallbladder cystic duct common hepatic duct Traffic patterns in the surgery department are designed to - ✔✔aid in preventing surgical site infections What is the princial goal of suctioning blood and body fluids fromt the wound? - ✔✔improve wound visibility The principal goal of the surgical assistant during the surgical procedure is to - ✔✔provide exposure
Intraoperative fluid and electroyte imbalance are affected by - ✔✔blood loss, fluid shifts and replacements Vitamin D deficiency can lead to - ✔✔hypocalcemia Acid based imbalances reflect - ✔✔hypoxia, hypothermia, and hypovolemia Platelet concentration is often transfused during the immediate preoperative period for the purpose of - ✔✔preserving clotting ability Hemolytic reactions caused by ABO - ✔✔antibodies to the donor foreign proteins The correct arm placement when positioning a patient supine with arms extended on armboards is - ✔✔armboards extended <90* with palms facing up The force of integumentary injuries that results from the skin remaining stationary while the underlying tissues shift is known as - ✔✔shearing What is a potential physiological response when lowering patient's legs from the lithotomy position? - ✔✔hypotension The correct range for the pneumatic tourniquet pressure on an average adult for an upper extremity is - ✔✔ 250 - 300mmHg The setting of the pneumatic tourniquet pressure on an average adult for a lower extremity should be - ✔✔higher than the systolic pressure by one-half of the value The most common skin cancer is - ✔✔basal cell carcinoma
In the event that a child needs an emergency procedure and the parents cannot be located to sign the permission - ✔✔permission is signed by two consulting physicians The principle of personal liability - ✔✔hold everyone legally responsible for their hown negligent acts By definition, carcinoma in situ is a malignant neoplasm that has not - ✔✔extended beyound the basement membrane The blood component administered to patients with a clotting problem is - ✔✔platelets What referes to a civil wrong committed against a person or property, not including a breach of contract? - ✔✔tort What is the normal value of the BUN for adults? - ✔✔ 7 - 8 mg/dl The specific gravity of a normal urine sample is - ✔✔1.015 - 1. During lateral positioning, a - ✔✔pillow is placed between the legs The lithotomy position does not require - ✔✔each leg raised slowly and gently as it is grasped by the toes In which circumstance could the patient sustain an injury to the pudenal nerves? - ✔✔positioned on the fracture table An imperforation or closure of a normal opening is called - ✔✔atresia A lower oblique incision is called a/an - ✔✔inguinal Normal adult male range for RBC is - ✔✔4.2 - 6.1 mill/ul
Mechanical, thermal, and chemical are appropriate mechanisms to achieve - ✔✔hemostasis Significantly decreased volume of circulating blood or plasma in the body may cause the patient to go into - ✔✔hypovolemic shock The purpose of hemostasis is to - ✔✔prevent blood loss What is considered to be a biological hazard in the operating room? - ✔✔body fluids and laser plume What is the most common change in vital signs that are associated with early hypovolemic shock? - ✔✔tachycardia Measures to treat atelectasis include - ✔✔pain control and early ambulation The most appropriate devices to prevent skin pressure ulcers and deep tissue injury in the OR are - ✔✔gel pads Which nerve can be injured if the legs are improperly flexed at the hip int he lithotomy position? - ✔✔obturator Drains are typically passed to the exterior through? - ✔✔adjacent stab wound incision Which dressing is used when moderate to heavy fluid drainage is expected? - ✔✔three layer In the lateral chest position, a sand bag, or padding is placed under the chest at the axillary level to - ✔✔prevent pressure on the lower arm Chvostek's sign can indicate - ✔✔hypocalcemia
The proper placement of th legs for a patient in the lateral position is - ✔✔lower leg flexed, upper leg straight Ulnar nerve damage could result from - ✔✔placement of an elbow on unpadded table What is at the greatest risk for fluid volume deficit? - ✔✔trauma victim with extensive burns of the body Clostridium perfringens is associated with with clinical condition? - ✔✔gas gangrene Phagocystosis by the white blood cells is an example of the body's - ✔✔second line of defense Cell "drinking" is called - ✔✔pinocystosis An organelle that is responsible for the packaging of proteins is the - ✔✔golgi complex An organelle that contains digestive juices is the - ✔✔lysosome the anaerobic bacterium that causes gas gangrene is - ✔✔clostridium perfringens Which of the following are procaryotic? *molds *protozoa *bacteria *plants - ✔✔bacteria Which of the following are eucaryotic? *viruses *fungi
The only depolarizing muscle relaxant in clinical use is - ✔✔Succinylcholine (Anectine) Lidocaine with epinephrine is contraindicated in surgery of the - ✔✔hand A patient scheduled for surgery has a hematocrit reading of 45% of total blood volume, which is - ✔✔within normal range When drawing a blood sample, a safe time lapse between blood drawing and analysis is - ✔✔10 minutes When given as a preoperative medication, atropine produces - ✔✔drying of secretions A drug combined with heparin that causes a postop loss of anticoagulant activity is - ✔✔protamine sulfate The drug added to a local anesthetic to increase diffusion is - ✔✔hyaluronidase What is a measurement of the pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood? - ✔✔PaCO What is a measurement of the amount of bicarbonate in arterial blood? - ✔✔HCO What is not an inhalation anesthetic agent? - ✔✔propofol Cephalothin sodium (Keflin) is a/an - ✔✔antibiotic A drug used to reverse hypotension is - ✔✔levartenernol (levophed) Meperidine hydrochlride (demerol) is a/an - ✔✔analgesic Dextran is used parenterally to - ✔✔expand blood plasma volume
A barbituate that may be used for sleep in the night before surgery is - ✔✔secobarbital Common pathogens infecting traumatic wounds often require the use of - ✔✔penicillinase-resistant penicillin What is the amount of time that heparin is systemically distributed in the adult? - ✔✔3 minutes Which of the following is an example of an isotonic IV solution? - ✔✔0.9% sodium chloride The volume of red blood cells in whole blood is determined by which of the following tests? - ✔✔hematocrit A common complication during emergence from general anesthesia is - ✔✔hypoxia What antibiotics should not be given as a preoperative prophylaxis to a pediatric patient? - ✔✔ciprofloxacin During the adminstration of general anesthesia, there is a loss of the eyelid reflex in stage - ✔✔II Aminoglycosides are a category of antibiotics that - ✔✔can cause severe ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity Which of these local anesthetics has a longer duration? *xylocaine *marcaine *novocaine *cocaine - ✔✔marcaine
