Download SURGICAL MICROBIOLOGY MIDTERM QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025 2026. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
One type of microscope that provides a three-dimensional image of a specimen is a - correct answers Scanning electon microscope One type of microscope capable of observing living micro-organisms is the - correct answers Phase-contrast microscope Which scientist is most responsible for ending the controversy about spontaneous generation? - correct answers Louis Pasteur How many billions of years does fossils of prokaryotes go back? - correct answers 3. to 4. Which is not a microorganism? Bacterium Algae Insect Fungus - correct answers Fungus What is the correct order of the taxonomic category? - correct answers Kingdom, phylum, order, class, family, genus, species
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
What are complex communities of microorganisms on surfaces? - correct answers Biofilms A relationship between organisms in which the waste product of one provides nutrients for another is called? - correct answers Commensalism Which of the following sites of the human body does not have a normal flora? - correct answers Blood Which of the following industries use(s) microorganisms? Chemical Wine Cheese All the above - correct answers All of the above All bacteria are ___________ cells. - correct answers Prokaryotic Cells that contain a nucleus are ______ cells. - correct answers Eukaryotic The taxonomic resource for bacteria is the _______. - correct answers Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriolgy
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
Which microscope has a type of compound, used to examine small specimens and some of their details. Background is brighter than the specimen and depends on altering the light path only? - correct answers Bright-Field Microscopes Which microscope is used for unfixed, unstained specimens such as living organisms(bacteria). Because of its design, the background slide is dark, and the organism is bright? - correct answers Dark-field Microscopes Which microscopes use visible light to illuminate, and optical lenses to observe, enlarged images of specimens? Classified as simple or compound. - correct answers Light Microscopes Which microscope is suited for the observation of cytoplasmic streaming, motility, and the dynamic states of cell organelles? - correct answers Phase-contrast Microscopes Which microscope can emit light of one color when illuminated by ultraviolet radiation then fluorescence microscopy may be the method of choice? - correct answers Flourescence Microscopes Which microscope creates sharper images of specimens that would appear blurred with the use of a conventional compound, it avoids most of the unwanted scattered light that usually obscures an image when an entire specimen is illuminated at one time? - correct answers Confocal Microscope
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
Which microscope was made in the twentieth century that use a beam of electrons rather than light as the source of energy to visualize specimens? Magnetic fields instead of optical lenses are used to focus the electron beam. - correct answers Electron Microscopes Which microscope has a electron beam travels through an ultrathin sectioned specimen (approximately 100 nm in thickness) and provides a two dimensional image of the cell or other object? - correct answers Transmission Electron Microscopes Which microscope has a scanning electron, also provides images of high resolution, but in contrast to the TEM, the SEM does not require ultrathin sections. It scans three- dimensional image. - correct answers Scanning Electron Microscopes A father and son team of Dutch eyeglass makers found that optical images could be enlarged nd viewed using different lenses, and compound microscope. - correct answers Zaccharias and Hans Janssen What was the first microscope produced that consisted of a simple tube with lenses at each end? - correct answers Compound microscope What are small life forms that were discovered by Van Leeuwenhoek? - correct answers What are small life forms that were discovered by Van Leeuwenhoek? Who is known to be the father of microscopy and is believed to be the first to observe live bacteria and protozoans? - correct answers Antony van Leeuwnehoek
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
The correct sequence of stages in the multiplication of animal viruses is: - correct answers Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, replication, assembly, release A persistent infection that is not lytic but productive is called a ___________ infection. - correct answers chronic Of the following are cytopathic effects as a result of a viral infection except: - correct answers Change in antigens Which of the following viruses belongs to the family Herpesviridae? - correct answers Epstein-Barr virus Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are caused by: - correct answers Prions Which scientists performed the first vaccination against smallpox - correct answers Edward Jenner The number of new cases of a disease over a certain period of time compared with the general healthy population is referred to as - correct answers incidence Healthcare-associated infections are also known as - correct answers nosocomial infections
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
The type of infection in which several infectious agents establish themselves at the same site is referred to as a - correct answers mixed infection The virulence factors of bacteria include - correct answers adhesion, colonization, invasion, evasion, and toxins The degree or extent of disease-evoking power that a microorganism has is referred to as - correct answers virulence Infections that may result from surgeries and the use of catheters are classified as - correct answers iatrogenic infections Which of the following is likely to be the most frequently used portal of entry for pathogens? Skin Gastrointestinal tract Respiratory tract Conjunctiva - correct answers respiratory tract Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission? Airborne Droplet
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
All of the following areas of the human body contain normal flora except Peritoneum Urethra Vagina Mouth - correct answers Peritoneum Bacterial endotoxins are proteins in the cell wall secreted into the environment components of the gram-positive cell wall components of the gram-negative cell wall - correct answers components of the gram-negative cell wall. When a pathogen spreads from the original site to other tissues or organs it is called a(n) __________ infection. local local natural acute - correct answers focal
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
A disease that is generally present in a given population is pandemic epidemic sporadic endemic - correct answers endemic. Which of the following is not considered to be a vehicle transmission? Airborne Insect Foodborne Bodily fluid - correct answers Insect The virulence factors of bacteria include size, adhesion, resistance, and mutation. colonization, invasion, toxins, and adhesion toxins, evasion of body defenses, motility, and size colonization, chemotaxis, fermentation, and toxins. - correct answers colonization, invasion, toxins, and adhesion A flora found in the same location as resident flora but that remains only for a given amount of time is called a __________ flora. - correct answers transient
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
Bunyaviridae - correct answers Bunyaviridae Micrographia,a publication illustrating insects, sponges, as well as plant cells, was published by - correct answers Robert Hooke SARS belongs to which group of RNA viruses? - correct answers Coronaviruses Which of the following causes cervical cancer? - correct answers Papillomavirus & Herpesviridae Which of the following cause infectious mononucleosis? Hepadnavirus Herpes simplex virus Epstein-Barr virus Papillomavirus - correct answers Epstein-Barr virus Which of the following causes smallpox or cowpox? Hepadnavirus Herpes simplex virus Papovaviridae Poxviridae - correct answers Poxviridae
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
Which of the following most commonly cause respiratory illnesses Hepadnaviruses Papillomaviruses Adenoviruses Bunyaviridae - correct answers Adenoviruses A virus that infects bacteria is referred to as a(n) ____________ - correct answers Bacteriophage Mambers of Piconarviridae are ______ viruses. - correct answers RNA A fully assembled virus is called a ________. - correct answers virion Group VI viruses according to Baltimore classification system include families Metaviridae, Pseudoviridae, and ________. - correct answers Retroviridae Kaposi's sarcoma is caused by human herpesvirus number - correct answers 8 Capsids forming multifaced structures having 20 triangular faces are called __________.
- correct answers Icosahedrons
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
A vector that transmits pathogens and also serves as host for a part of the pathogen's life cycle is a( n) __________ vector. - correct answers biological A worldwide epidemic is considered a(n) __________ disease. - correct answers pandemic Describe how microbes of normal flora in the human body can become opportunistic pathogens. - correct answers Normal flora can become opportunistic pathogens if: conditions suppress the immune system, there are changes in the balance of the normal flora, a member of normal flora enter into an area of the body they normally don't inhabit. Describe the three basic approaches used by epidemiologists to study the dynamics of a disease in a population. - correct answers Descriptive epidemiology—collecting and tabulating data concerning the disease.Analytical epidemiology—demonstrate cause and effect relationships using data from descriptive epidemiology.Experimental epidemiology—experimental testing of hypotheses regarding a specific diseases/outbreak Discuss the necessary steps a microbe must take before it can cause infection and disease. - correct answers - Adhesion to host cells or tissue
- Colonization within tissues-Invasion through the growth and spread of the organism
- Evasion of host defenses involves the ability to avoid the host immune response Exceptions to Koch's Postulates: - correct answers • Some pathogens can't be cultured in the laboratory
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
- Many infectious diseases can be caused by several different pathogens
- A particular pathogen can sometimes cause different diseases
- Some diseases are caused by a number of pathogens
- Some pathogens are exclusively human pathogens and ethics may prevent human inoculation to attempt to prove a pathogen is causing a disease examples of nonliving reservoirs - correct answers soil, water, food types of vehicle transmissions - correct answers airborne waterborne foodborne bodily fluid types of vector transmissions - correct answers biological (things that bite ex mosquitoes, ticks, lice) mechanical (roaches and flies they do not need to be a host because they can carry it) systemic infections - correct answers occurs when an infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids septicemia - correct answers infection in the blood
QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS 2025/
An example of parasitism - correct answers tuberculosis in the lungs (1 benefits; the other is harmed) example of amensalism - correct answers penicillium (1 isnt harmed; 1 is getting restricted) Describe host cell damage resulting from viral infections. - correct answers cytopathic effects, physiological effects, biochemical effects, genotoxic effects what are the two methods of viral classification - correct answers international Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses & Baltimore Classification System prion diseases destroys brain tissue and are referred to as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathy such as....... - correct answers mad cow disease Phlebovirus can cause - correct answers conjunctivitis difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - correct answers prokaryotic = no nucleus and unicellular eukaryotic = has a nucleus and is multicellular or unicellular
