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Surgical Technology For The Surgical Technologist,
CST – Questions With Expert Solutions
Atropine is in what category of medications? Correct Answer - Anticholinergic Which two medication classifications are combined to produce neuroleptanalgesia? Correct Answer - Tranquilizer and narcotic What is the final strength If 30 milliliters of saline is added to 30 milliliters of 0.5 percent marcaine? Correct Answer - 0.25 percent marcaine Can the strength of a medication be increased? For example, marcaine 0.5 percent increased to 1.0 percent? Correct Answer - No, it can only be equal or lowered from its manufactured strength What is the effect of the anticholinergic atropine on the eye? Correct Answer - Dilates pupil and inhibits focusing Which type of medication preparation is a combination of two liquids that cannot mix? Correct Answer - Emulsion What is the action of an antagonist medication? Correct Answer - Counteracts action of another medication or neurotransmitter When epinephrine injected into the body or released by neurotransmitters, it causes what type of action? Correct Answer - Epinephrine causes vasoconstriction resulting in reduced blood flow. Epinephrine is what type of neurotransmitter? Correct Answer - Adrenergic
What is a brand name or trade name for epinephrine? Correct Answer - Adrenalin What is the generic name for Adrenalin? Correct Answer - epinephrine What is the trade name for phenylephrine hydrochloride? Correct Answer - Neosynephrine What is the generic name for Neosynephrine? Correct Answer - phenylephrine hydrochloride Phenylephrine is what type of neurotransmitter? Correct Answer - Adrenergic What is the mechanism of action of phenylephrine? Correct Answer - Phenylephrine stimulates alpha-1 receptors which causes vasoconstriction What is the generic name for Codeine? Correct Answer - Codeine sulfate What is the trade name for codeine sulfate? Correct Answer - Codeine Codeine belongs to what group of drugs? Correct Answer - Analgesics What is the mechanism of action for codeine? Correct Answer - Codeine binds to opiate receptors in the CNS to decrease pain perception What DEA Schedule is Codeine? Correct Answer - Codeine is Class III if less than 90 mg per dose in a combined product, such as Tylenol
Name 3 common Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Correct Answer - Aspirin, Ibuprofen, naproxen What is the trade name for acetylsalicylic acid? Correct Answer - Aspirin What is the generic name for Aspirin? Correct Answer - acetylsalicylic acid, a.k.a A.S.A. What are the two main benefits of NSAIDS? Correct Answer - Analgesic and antipyretic activity What is the mechanism of action of a non-opioid analgesic? Correct Answer - Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain. What is the mechanism of action of an antipyretic agent? Correct Answer - Affects the thermo-regulatory center of the hypothalamus to reduce temperature What is the generic name for Advil? Correct Answer - Ibuprofen What is a trade name for ibuprofen? Correct Answer - Advil What are the 3 effects of ibuprofen? Correct Answer - 1) Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain;
- Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature;
- Impedes clotting What is a generic name for Naprosyn? Correct Answer - Naproxen sodium What is a trade name for naproxen sodium? Correct Answer - Naprosyn
What are the 3 effects of naproxen sodium? Correct Answer - 1) Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain;
- Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature;
- Impedes clotting What is a generic name for Toradol? Correct Answer - Ketorolac tromethanmine What is a trade name for ketorolac tromethanmine? Correct Answer
- Toradol What are the 3 effects of ketorolac tromethanmine? Correct Answer -
- Blocks prostaglandin synthesis to relieve pain;
- Affects the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center to reduce body temperature;
- Impedes clotting What is a generic name for Versed? Correct Answer - Midazolam hydrochloride What is a trade name for midazolam hydrochloride? Correct Answer
- Versed What is the mechanism of action for Versed (midazolam)? Correct Answer - Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA What is gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)? Correct Answer - A neurotransmitter What is the mechanism of action for benzodiazepines (BZDs)? Correct Answer - Depresses CNS by potentiating the effects of GABA What is the common use of benzodiazepines in the operating room? Correct Answer - Anxiolytic, to reduce anxiety
What is the trade name for procainamide hydrochloride? Correct Answer - Pronestyl What is the generic name for Pronestyl? Correct Answer - Procainamide hydrochloride What is the mechanism of action of procainamide? Correct Answer - Decreases excitability & conduction velocity in the heart conduction pathway Name 2 common aminoglycoside antibiotic medications? Correct Answer - Gentamicin, tobramycin What is the mechanism of action of aminoglycoside antibiotics? Correct Answer - Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis causing cell death; therefore, bacteriocidal What is the trade name for gentamicin sulfate? Correct Answer - Garamycin What is the generic name for Garamycin? Correct Answer - Gentamycin sulfate What is the mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics? Correct Answer - Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis during multiplication Name 4 common penicillins? Correct Answer - 1) Penicillin G;
- Penicillin V;
- Ampicllin;
- Amoxicillin What is the generic name for Ampicillin? Correct Answer - Ampicillin
What is the mechanism of action of ampicillin? Correct Answer - Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis during multiplication How are the names of penicillins easily identified? Correct Answer - Penicllins end with "cillin" like amoxicillin, ampicillin, nafcillin, piperacillin What class of antibiotics is closely related to penicillins and why is that important? Correct Answer - 1) Cephalosporins are closely related to penicllins;
- A patient may be allergic cephalosporins if they had an allergic reaction to penicillins due to cross reactivity What is the trade name for cefazolin sodium? Correct Answer - Ancef What is the generic name for Ancef? Correct Answer - Cefazolin sodium What is the mechanism of action for cephalosporins? Correct Answer
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis, similar to penicillins What generation of cephalosporins is cefazolin? Correct Answer - First generation cephalosporin What is the trade name for cefalexin monohydrate? Correct Answer - Keflex What is the generic name for Keflex Correct Answer - Cefalexin monohydrate What generation of cephalosporins is cefazolin? Correct Answer - First generation cephalosporin
What antibiotic category is metronidazole? Correct Answer - Amebicide, antiprotozoal What is the mechanism of action of metronidazole? Correct Answer - Enters cells, inhibiting synthesis, causing cell death Metronidazole is effective against what type of bacteria? Correct Answer - Anaerobes What is the trade name for bacitracin? Correct Answer - Bacitracin What is the generic name for Bacitracin? Correct Answer - Bacitracin What antibiotic category is bacitracin? Correct Answer - Miscellaneous What is the mechanism of action of bacitracin? Correct Answer - Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging the cell What is the trade name for neomycin? Correct Answer - Neosporin What is the generic name for Neosporin? Correct Answer - Neomycin What antibiotic category is neomycin? Correct Answer - Miscellaneous What is the mechanism of action of neomycin? Correct Answer - Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging the cell
What are the medication components of Cortisporin? Correct Answer
- Polymixin B;
- Bacitracin;
- Hydrocortisone What is the trade name for the medication that contains neomycin, polymixin B, bacitracin, and hydrocortisone? Correct Answer - Cortisporin What antibiotic category is Cortisporin? Correct Answer - Miscellaneous What is the mechanism of action of Cortisporin? Correct Answer - Hinders cell wall synthesis, damaging the cell What is the trade for vancomycin hydrochloride? Correct Answer - Vancocin What is the generic name for Vancocin? Correct Answer - Vancomycin hydrochloride What is the antibiotic category of vancomycin? Correct Answer - Glycopeptide What is the mechanism of action of vancomycin? Correct Answer - Hinders cell wall synthesis and inhibits RNA synthesis What is the trade name for polymixin B? Correct Answer - Aerosporin What is the generic name for Aerosporin? Correct Answer - Polymixin B
What antibiotic category is silver sulfadiazine? Correct Answer - Sulfonamide What is the mechanism of action of silver sulfadiazine? Correct Answer - Acts on the cell wall and cell membrane to kill gram positive and gram negative microbes What is the trade name of heparin sodium? Correct Answer - Heparin What is the generic name for Heparin? Correct Answer - Heparin sodium What medication category is heparin sodium? Correct Answer - Anticoagulant What is the mechanism of action of heparin sodium? Correct Answer
- Prevents conversion of prothrombin into thrombin, preventing clot formation Heparin is measured in? Correct Answer - Units What medication is used to flush an artery to prevent clotting? Correct Answer - Heparin What preoperative medication is used to prevent deep vein thrombosis in bariatric patients Correct Answer - Heparin What is the trade name for warfarin? Correct Answer - Coumadin What is the generic name for Coumadin? Correct Answer - Warfarin
What medication category is warfarin? Correct Answer - Anticoagulant What is the mechanism of action of warfarin? Correct Answer - Prohibits vitamin K dependent activation of clotting factors made in the liver What is the trade name for protamine sulfate? Correct Answer - Protamine sulfate What medication category is protamine sulfate? Correct Answer - Anticoagulant antagonist What is the mechanism of action of protamine sulfate? Correct Answer - An anticoagulant by itself; binds with heparin to inactivate heparin's effect What medication is used to flush the harvested saphenous vein during a CABG? Correct Answer - Heparinized saline What is the trade name for droperidol? Correct Answer - Inapsine What is the generic name for Inapsine? Correct Answer - Droperidol What medication category is droperidol? Correct Answer - Antiemetic What is the mechanism of action of droperidol? Correct Answer - Action unknown, however, it produces sedation and reduces nausea and vomiting What is the trade name for metoclopramide? Correct Answer - Reglan
What is the generic name for Anzemet? Correct Answer - Dolasetron What is the medication category for dolasetron? Correct Answer -
- Antiemetic;
- Serotonin receptor antagonist Antiemetics Correct Answer - Blocks serotonin receptors on the vagus nerve How are the names of antiemetic serotonin receptor antagonists easily identified? Correct Answer - All end with "setron" like ondansetron, granisetron What is the trade name for diphenhydramine? Correct Answer - Benadryl What is the generic name for Benadryl? Correct Answer - Diphenhydramine What medication category is diphenhydramine? Correct Answer -
- Antihistamine;
- First generation What is the mechanism of action of diphenhydramine? Correct Answer - Competes with histamine for receptor sites What are the two common trade names for nitroprusside sodium? Correct Answer - Nitropress or Nipride What is the generic name for Nitropress or Nipride? Correct Answer
- Nitroprusside sodium What medication category is nitroprusside? Correct Answer - Antihypertensive
What is the mechanism of action for nitroprusside? Correct Answer - Vasodilates both arterioles and venules to reduce blood pressure What is the trade name for cyclosporine? Correct Answer - Sandimmune What is the generic name for Sandimmune? Correct Answer - Cyclosporine What medication category is cyclosporine? Correct Answer - 1) Antineoplastic;
- Immunosuppressant What is the mechanism of action for cyclosporine? Correct Answer - Inhibits T lymphocyte function What is the trade name for theophylline? Correct Answer - Aminophylline What is the generic name for Aminophylline? Correct Answer - Theophylline What medication category is theophylline? Correct Answer - Bronchodilator What is the mechanism of action for theophylline? Correct Answer - Relaxes smooth muscles of the bronchi and pulmonary blood vessels What are two of the trade names for albuterol? Correct Answer - Ventolin or ProairHFA What is the generic name for Ventolin or ProairHFA? Correct Answer
Action - Increases the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver to promote clot formation What is the effect of topical thrombin on the clotting cascade? Correct Answer - Accelerates the clotting cascade What is the mechanism of action of contrast media? Correct Answer
- Blocks full penetration of ionizing radiation What radiopaque contrast medium is used intraoperatively when the patient is allergic to iodine? Correct Answer - Renografin Contrast Media Correct Answer - Generic name - diatrizoate sodium; hypaque meglumine, iodipamide, iothalamate, meglumine, barium sulfate, iopamidol, ioversol Trade name - Cystografin; Hypaque; Renografin, Cholografin Meglumine, Angio-Conray; Contay; Barium, Isovue, Optiray Diatrizoate megulmine or lothalamute megulmine are examples of? Correct Answer - Contrast media What type of medication is used to perform intraoperative cholangiograms? Correct Answer - Contrast media such as Hypaque Coronary Artery Dilator Correct Answer - Generic name - nitroglycerine Trade name --------------- Action - Decreases cardiac preload & systemic vascular resistance; increases coronary artery blood flow What is the trade name for furosemide? Correct Answer - Lasix What is the generic name for Lasix? Correct Answer - Furosemide
What medication category is furosemide? Correct Answer - Loop diuretic What is the mechanism of action of furosemide? Correct Answer - Loop diuretic that prevents reabsorption of sodium, which prevents reabsorption of water in the kidney Diuretics Correct Answer - Generic name - mannitol Trade name - Osmitrol Action - Osmotic diuretic that inhibits re-absorption of water & electrolytes What is the trade name for methylene blue? Correct Answer - Provay Blue Name four common generic names for dyes used during surgeries. Correct Answer - 1) Brilliant green;
- Gentian violet;
- Indigo carmine;
- Methylene blue What type of dye is used intravenously to verify patency of the fallopian tubes during a pelvic procedure? Correct Answer - Methylene blue Dyes Correct Answer - Generic name ------------------ Trade name - aceticacid Action ------------------------------- Dyes Correct Answer - Generic name - isosulfan blue Trade name - Lymphazurine Action - Binds to interstitial proteins, delineating lymphatic vessels & glands
