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Generalist Practice in Social Work: An Introduction to Key Concepts and Theories, Exams of Sociology

Academy CollegeSociology

A comprehensive overview of generalist practice in social work, covering key concepts, theories, and practical applications. It explores the principles of systems theory, problem-solving theory, and ethical principles, highlighting the importance of empowerment, human diversity, and advocacy for social justice. The document also outlines the seven steps of the generalist intervention model (gim), emphasizing the importance of engagement, assessment, planning, implementation, evaluation, termination, and follow-up. It further delves into the benefits of group work and different types of task groups, including boards of directors, task forces, committees, and commissions.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 02/04/2025

AmiaSmith
AmiaSmith 🇨🇦

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SWK 335 exam 1
generalist practice -
social workers are generalists and use a variety of skills to help people on different
levels including: individual, family, groups, and communities
theoretical approaches to generalist practice -
1. systems theory
2. problem solving theory
3. ethical principles and social work values
what is a generalist? -
The application of an eclectic knowledge base, professional values and ethics, and a
wide range of skills to target systems of any size for change within the context of three
primary principles, a context, and four major processes
1st dimension of social work -
attention is focused on any problem or cluster of problems. social workers do not
refuse to work with clients because they have unappealing characteristics
2nd dimension of social work -
social workers target the environment for change. the system may need to be
changed
3rd dimension of social work -
advocacy for clients. actively intervening in order to help clients get what they need
4th dimensions of social work -
adherence to a core of professional values. the NASW code of ethics.
5th dimension of social work -
clients make their own decisions. social workers partner with clients to make and
implement plans together
three primary principles of social work -
1. empowerment is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political
power so that individuals can take action to impove their life situations. it includes self
determination, strengths, and resiliency
2. how human diversity characterizes and shapes the human experience and is critical to
identity formation
3. advocacy for human rights and the pursuit of social and economic justice
4 processes of generalist practice -
1. the assumption of a wide range of professional roles
2. the application of critical thinking skills throughout intervention
3. it uses research informed practice
4. it follows a planned change process to achieve intervention goals
1 | P a g e
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SWK 335 exam 1

generalist practice - social workers are generalists and use a variety of skills to help people on different levels including: individual, family, groups, and communities theoretical approaches to generalist practice -

  1. systems theory
  2. problem solving theory
  3. ethical principles and social work values what is a generalist? - The application of an eclectic knowledge base, professional values and ethics, and a wide range of skills to target systems of any size for change within the context of three primary principles, a context, and four major processes 1st dimension of social work - attention is focused on any problem or cluster of problems. social workers do not refuse to work with clients because they have unappealing characteristics 2nd dimension of social work - social workers target the environment for change. the system may need to be changed 3rd dimension of social work - advocacy for clients. actively intervening in order to help clients get what they need 4th dimensions of social work - adherence to a core of professional values. the NASW code of ethics. 5th dimension of social work - clients make their own decisions. social workers partner with clients to make and implement plans together three primary principles of social work -
  4. empowerment is the process of increasing personal, interpersonal, or political power so that individuals can take action to impove their life situations. it includes self determination, strengths, and resiliency
  5. how human diversity characterizes and shapes the human experience and is critical to identity formation
  6. advocacy for human rights and the pursuit of social and economic justice 4 processes of generalist practice -
  7. the assumption of a wide range of professional roles
  8. the application of critical thinking skills throughout intervention
  9. it uses research informed practice
  10. it follows a planned change process to achieve intervention goals

organizational structure - the operation of lines of authority and communication within an angency how the administration runs the organization, and what the agency environment is like Micro - an individual Micro/mezzo - a family mezzo - group macro - organization or a community systems theory - a conceptual framework that can guide your worldview. the interactions of various systems in the environment including individuals, groups, families. a system involves many components that work together in order to work towards a common goal. systems theory input - the energy, information, or communication received from other systems systems theory output - the same flow emitted from a system to the environment or to other systems homeostasis - tendency for a system to maintain a relatively stable, constant state of balance Equifinality - there are many different means to the same end professionalism - one who displays skill, knowledge, experience, standards, or expertise and is competent and efficient. social work incorporates honesty, honor, humility, dedication, commitment, and altruism social work dimensions related to professionalism - -personal and professional integrity -advanced knowledge, expertise, and self-efficacy -social support and well being -lifelong learning -diversity and difference integrity - honesty, truthfulness, sincerity, trustworthiness. considered a value in SW and social workers should behave in a trustworthy manner self-understanding and self-control -

-what aspects of an individuals. life is considered important by them? -explore both biological and psychological aspects family aspects - -are there relatives in the immediate area? -what is the individuals relationship with the relatives like? -are there any issues with abuse/neglet? group aspects - -does the individual have friends that visit? -does the individual belong to any local groups? -address spirituality community aspects - -the macro aspects of the situation -Macro refers to the broader integrated context of the social environment -what services are available to help with identified problems? aspects of diversity - -ethnic and cultural affiliations -religious affiliations -look for potential discrimination based on diversity step 3 of GIM; planning - Planning; assessment sets the stage for intervention, planning specifies what should be done. schedule another appointment work with the client substep - begin where the clients and involve the client in problem definition. utilize client strengths prioritize problems substep - -what the worker feels is important may be different than the client. the client must be a partner in the process. focus on problems considered significant by the client and the worker. translate problems into needs substep - establish what they need to solve the problem. restructure how you look at the situation. evaluate levels of intervention substep - focus on one client need at a time and start with the highest priority. establish goals substep - proposed ending attainments that provide you and your client with general direction regarding how to proceed with intervention. what does your client want to accomplish? specify objectives substep - it is the workers task to move vague goal statements into objectives. make each objective specific and measurable

specify action substep - detailed lists that specify who will do what by when and how the individual should do it. each objective must have multiple action steps formalize a contract with a client substep - a working agreement between a worker and client system that specifies the expectations of each. often flexible or informal agreements implementation, step 4 of GIM - the actual doing of the plan. progress must be constantly monitored and addressed evaluation, Step 5 of GIM - critical for accountability. social worker must prove that the intervention has been effective. decide if the case should be terminated or should new goals be established? termination, Step 6 of GIM - the worker/ client relationship eventually comes to an end. termination involves specific skills and techniques follow up, step 7 of GIM - the final step in the GIM. the re-examination of a clients situation at some point after the intervention is completed. group - collective of people with shared interests who come together to pursue individual, group, organization, or community goals benefits of groups - mutual assistance connecting with others testing new behaviors goal achievement decision making task groups - Exist to achieve a specific set of tasks or objectives. objective helps determine how the group operates and the roles played by members board of directors - an administrative group charged with responsibility for setting the policy governing agency programs task forces - Groups established for a special purpose and usually disbanded after completion of their task committees - Groups responsible for dealing with specific tasks or matters

ex= delinquent adolescents, current events club self-help group (matching) - groups led by members who share the same problems ex= alcoholics anonymous support groups (matching) - people with similar issues getting together to provide emotional support and allow a strengths-based sharing of concerns - usually led by a professional ex= encourages and supports breast feeding 4 stage group development -

  1. strong reliance on the group leader
  2. group members begin to assert themselves more and conflict occurs. disagreement over goals
  3. the working phase of the group. roles become clear and group culture has developed
  4. separation - group reaches its goals and it ends group culture - the traditions, customs, and values shared by the group group norms - unwritten expectations about how individuals will act in certain situations. the worker created norms that support goals group power - there is always a period in which the group or individual members of the group vie with the leader for power. group size - group size has an impact on what occurs. large groups-less time for discussion. therapy groups should be smaller than educational groups heterogenous groups - members with different problems and personality characteristics homogeneous groups - members with similar problems and personalities group duration - length of sessions, how many sessions, 1.5 to 2 hour group sessions is common group think - Janis (1982)coined the term to describe situations where groups have the illusion of agreement but have failed to carefully consider their decisions. members don't want to have disagreements Solution Focused Brief therapy (SFBT) - -emphasis on fewer sessions -offers easily teachable techniques

-an assumption is made that the client really wants to change (there is no resistance) -interested in only what the client brings to the session Assumptions of Solution-Focused Therapy - -solution focused therapists believe you have to help the client create a different more successful story -help the client expand on what has worked before -every session starts with the end in sight positives of Solution-focused therapy - -time limited and easy to "learn" -positive in nature and can be "fun" for the therapist empowering toward the client and strengths based negatives of solution-focused therapy - -is there really a "respectful" way to treat a client when you are only looking for the positives and the therapist only praises? -clients may not feel as if they are being heard -refusal to talk about the client's problems 7 theoretical assumptions followed by strengths oriented therapists -

  1. resistance is not a useful concept
  2. change is inevitable
  3. only a small change is necessary
  4. clients have the strengths and resources to change
  5. problems are unsuccessful attempts to resolve difficulties
  6. you don't need to know a great deal about the problem in order to solve it
  7. multiple perspectives can be used goals of therapy - -resolution of client's presenting problems -the clients strengths are the most important -every session is oriented toward the client's strength, exceptions to the problem, clear goals and strategies

formula first session task technique - Clients are asked to observe what happens in their life/relationship that they want to continue to happen Miracle question (Memorize the question) technique - "suppose one night you were asleep and there was a miracle and this problem was solved. How would you know? How would your life be different?" exception question technique - directs the clients attention to a time when this was not a problem for them, then explores what was different about those times to help them find clues to make the "exceptions" happen more Scaling question technique -

body language and space in interviewing - yes vs no head shaking and an arms length may not be enough space listening first then acting in interviewing - some people prefer action. help immediately 5 key areas of ethical competence in interviewing -

  1. competence
  2. informed consent
  3. confidentiality
  4. power
  5. social justice competence key ethical competence - -do you have adequate referral sources? do you know your boundaries of competence? -are you aware of your biases? informed consent ethical competence - clients should be aware of what is going to happen. written consent most of the time confidentiality ethical competence - a given unless there is a "duty to warn" situation power ethical competence - the helper has a level of power that the client does not have. do not abuse power!! Dual relationships or conflicts. of interest should be avoided social justice ethical competence - -the helper has a special responsibility in the community to fight issues of injustice -NASW states "social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people." cultural considerations in interviewing - -it is important to determine whether the clients culture permits the interviewer to focus on the client as an individual or within the context of the family and cultural community egagement - -the first step in every level -begins the first time you meet a client -it includes body language, eye contact tone of voice, dress, and mannerisms attending skills - -discuss agency services -client expectations -informing the client what you can and cannot do for them -do not surprise clients with future bills or services they do not need

assessment - -evaluation of the client -ongoing process that occurs throughout the entire time working with the client assessment steps - -define the problem -identifying the contributing factors -recognizing what can be done to reduce or eliminate the problem assessment questions - -what do we feel are your major concerns? -How are other people involved in this situation? -are you receiving services from other agencies? -what are your strengths? can you use them to solve the problems? diagnosis vs assessment - -diagnosis operates on the medical model -social workers assess problems by viewing clients in their situations instead of diagnosing what was wrong with the clients themselves