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TAMU |! POLS |! 206: |! Final |! Exam |! with |!
accurate |! detailed |! answers
Articles |! of |! Confederation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Adopted |! during |! the |! revolutionary |! War
- |! Created |! the |! confederation
- |! Not |! really |! a |! framework |! for |! national |! government
- |! Set |! up |! a |! government |! [One-house |! (unitary) |! body |! of |! delegates |! & |! each |! state |! gets |! 1 |! vote]
- |! State's |! retain |! independence |! and |! sovereignty, |! except |! powers |! explicitly |! delegated |! to |! central |! government **• |! 9 |! states |! needed |! to |! pass |! law |! (supermajority) **• |! Unanimous |! vote |! needed |! for |! any |! amendment |! to |! the |! Articles -State |! legislatures |! select |! delegates |! to |! Congress Congress |! empowered |! to: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Make |! peace
- |! Make |! coin |! money
- |! Appoint |! officers |! for |! army
- |! Control |! post |! office
- |! Negotiate |! with |! Indian |! tribes
- |! Declare |! war
Three-fifths |! Compromise |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Population |! for |! both |! Taxes |! and |! representation |! would |! be |! calculated |! by: "whole |! # |! of |! free |! person" |! + |! "3/5 |! of |! all |! OTHER |! people"
- |! Representatives |! and |! direct |! taxes |! were |! apportioned |! based |! on |! this |! final |! population Confederation |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! National |! government |! derives |! its |! powers |! directly |! from |! the |! states |! - |! More |! of |! an |! association |! of states |! rather |! than |! a |! union |! - |! Lasted |! 10 |! years Great |! (Connecticut) |! Compromise |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔________ |! recommended |! a |! two-house |! (bicameral) |! legislature
- |! First |! Chamber: House |! of |! Representatives |! would |! have |! proportional |! representation |! (large |! states); |! directly |! elected
- |! Second |! Chamber:
Federalism |! (federal |! system) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! ________ |! is |! the |! division |! of |! power |! between |! the |! federal |! government |! and |! the |! state |! governments
- |! _______ |! is |! based |! on |! the |! principle |! that |! the |! federal |! (national) |! government |! derived |! its |! power |! from |! the |! citizens |! and |! not |! the |! states
- |! 10th |! amendment |! would |! state |! that |! powers |! not |! given |! to |! the |! national |! government |! were |! reserved |! by |! the |! states |! of |! the |! people
- |! Divide |! power |! between |! a |! strong |! national |! government |! and |! the |! individual |! states, |! with |! national |! power |! being |! supreme Two |! ways |! to |! amend |! the |! constitution: |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔National
- |! Constitutional |! amendment |! may |! be |! proposed |! by |! the |! U.S. |! Congress
- |! Proposed |! amendments |! must |! be |! passed |! by |! a |! 2/3 |! majority |! of |! each |! house
- |! Goes |! from |! Congress |! → |! Proposed |! amendment |! transmitted |! to |! state |! for |! ratification |! → |! Must |! be |! ratified |! by |! 3/4 |! of |! states |! before |! adopted State
- |! Legislature |! of |! states |! may |! apply |! to |! Congress |! for |! a |! convention |! to |! propose |! a |! constitutional |! amendment |! → |! if |! 2/3 |! states |! request, |! Congress |! MUSY |! call |! for |! it
- |! At |! convention, |! amendment |! may |! be |! proposed, |! and |! ratified |! by |! at |! least |! 3/4 |! of |! the |! states Enumerated |! Powers |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Specific |! powers |! given |! to |! Congress |! • |! Stated |! under |! Article |! I, |! section |! 8 Concurrent |! Powers |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Those |! shared |! by |! the |! federal |! and |! state |! governments |!
- |! Examples |! of |! __________. |! - |! Power |! to |! tax |! - |! Right |! to |! borrow |! money |! - |! Can |! establish |! court |! - |! Charter |! banks |! - |! Spend |! money |! for |! the |! general |! welfare Reserved |! Powers |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! 10th |! Amendment |! - |! Powers |! not |! delegated |! to |! the |! national |! government |! are |! reserved |! to |! the |! States |! or |! to |! the |! people |! - |! Forms |! the |! basis |! for |! many |! state |! laws |! - |! As |! long |! as |! the |! powers |! are |! not |! explicitly |! given |! to |! the |! national |! government |! and |! the |! Sup
- |! The |! Missouri |! Compromise |! (1820) |! - |! Kansas-Nebraska |! Act |! (1854) Missouri |! Compromise |! 1820 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! 1st |! major |! legislature |! compromise |! → |! Settle |! the |! slavery |! issue |! by |! drowning |! a |! line |! between |! slave |! & |! free |! territory |! NO |! slavery |! above |! 36°30' |! latitude |! like |! (except |! Missouri) Supremacy |! Clause |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Stating |! that |! all |! laws |! made |! furthering |! the |! Constitution |! and |! all |! treaties |! made |! under |! the |! authority |! of |! the |! U.S. |! are |! "supreme |! law |! of |! the |! land" Full |! faith |! and |! credit |! clause |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Requiring |! each |! state |! to |! recognize |! the |! official |! documents |! and |! civil |! judgements |! rendered |! by |! the |! courts |! of |! other |! states Cooperative |! federalism |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! intertwined |! relationship |! between |! national, |! state, |! and |! local |! government |! that |! began with |! the |! New |! Deal |! (marble |! cake |! federalism) Ex |! post |! facto |! law |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Laws |! that |! criminalize |! an |! act |! even |! if |! it |! was |! legal |! when |! committed
- |! Increases |! the |! punishment |! for |! a |! crime |! after |! it |! was |! already |! committed |!
- |! Changes |! the |! rule |! of |! evidence |! to |! make |! conviction |! easier Necessary |! and |! proper |! clause |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Allows |! Congress |! to |! make |! to |! make |! all |! laws |! necessary |! and |! proper |! to |! carry |! out |! all |! powers |! the |! Constitution |! vests |! in |! the |! national |! government Civil |! liberties |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Personal |! guarantees |! and |! freedoms |! that |! government |! cannot |! abridge, |! either |! by |! law, |! constitution, |! or |! judicial |! interpretation Espionage |! Act |! 1917 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Prohibits |! sharing |! information |! with |! intent |! to |! interfere |! with |! operation |! or |! success |! of armed |! forces |! of |! U.S. |! or |! to |! promote |! the |! success |! of |! its |! enemies
- |! Originally |! →prevent |! disclosure |! of |! classified |! info |! from |! an |! authorized |! person |! |! - |! EX. |! Edward |! Snowden |! → |! Worked |! for |! NSA Libel |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔False |! written |! statement |! that |! defames |! a |! character |! of |! a |! person
Due |! process |! clause |! of |! Fourteenth |! Amendment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Limits |! states' |! abilities |! to |! deprive |! citizens |! of |! their |! legal |! rights |! - |! States |! have |! to |! protect |! the |! Bill |! of |! Rights Voting |! Rights |! Act |! of |! 1965 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Signed |! into |! law |! by |! Lyndon |! B. |! Johnson
- |! Applied |! a |! nationwide |! prohibition |! against |! the |! denial |! or |! abridgment |! of |! the |! right |! to |! vote |! based |! on |! literacy |! tests
- |! 24th |! Amendment |! prohibited |! use |! of |! poll |! taxes |! as |! requirement |! to |! vote De |! jure |! discrimination |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Discrimination |! by |! law |! must |! be |! eliminated |! at |! once De |! facto |! discrimination |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Discrimination |! that |! results |! from |! practices |! rather |! than |! the |! law Strict |! scrutiny |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! A |! law |! that |! discriminates |! on |! the |! basis |! of |! race |! is |! presumed |! to |! be |! unconstitutional |! unless |! the |! state |! can |! provide |! "compelling |! affirmative |! justifications" |! - |! All |! race-based |! classifications |! → |! _______________
|! - |! Cases |! involving |! race, |! religion |! or |! national |! origin Equal |! protection |! clause |! of |! Fourteenth |! Amendment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Declares |! that |! all |! people |! get |! the |! equal |! protection |! of |! the |! laws Intermediate |! standard |! of |! review |! (Intermediate |! Scrutiny) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Cases |! involving |! discrimination |! based |! on |! sex |! or |! gender |! - |! Involved |! in |! cases |! with |! sexual |! orientation |! - |! Must |! be |! "exceedingly |! persuasive" |! & |! related |! to |! "important |! governmental |! objective" Civil |! Rights |! Act |! of |! 1964 |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Prohibited |! discrimination |! on |! the |! basis |! of |! race, |! color, |! religion, |! or |! national |! origin |! in:
- |! Public |! accommodations |! engaged |! in |! interstate |! commerce
- |! Employment
- |! Voter |! registration
- |! Schools Citizenship |! clause |! of |! Fourteenth |! Amendment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔"All |! persons |! born |! or |! naturalized |! in |! the |! U.S., |! and |! subject |! to |! the |! jurisdiction |! thereof, |! are
Unified |! government |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! same |! political |! party |! controls |! the |! presidency |! and |! Congress Majority/Minority |! Whip |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Both |! selected |! by |! their |! respective |! parties |! w/ |! secret |! ballot; |! keeps |! track |! of |! party |! member |! votes |! for |! key |! legislation
- |! Pressure |! their |! party |! members |! to |! vote |! with |! the |! party Joint |! Committee |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Permanent |! committees |! compromised |! of |! members |! from |! both |! chambers Currently |! 4 |! joint |! committees:
- |! Economic, |! Library, |! Printing, |! and |! Taxation Cloture |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! 60 |! senators |! must |! sign |! motion |! for |! cloture |! to |! end |! filibuster |! → |! thus |! no |! more |! than |! 30 |! additional |! hours |! debating |! the |! legislature |! at |! issue Speaker |! of |! the |! House |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Serves |! as |! both |! presiding |! officer |! of |! the |! chamber |! and |! leader |! of |! majority |! party |! → |! Authority |! over |! scheduling |! of |! legislation
•Constitution |! states |! SoH |! as |! head |! of |! House |! operations |! & |! VP |! as |! overseer |! of |! Senate |! deliberations |!
- |! Elected |! in |! vote |! by |! entire |! House |! of |! Representatives |! à |! 218 |! votes |! to |! win Redistricting |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Process |! of |! redrawing |! congressional |! districts |! to |! reflect |! increases |! or |! decreases |! in |! seats |! allotted |! to |! the |! states, |! as |! well |! as |! population |! shifts |! within |! a |! state
- |! State |! legislators |! are |! responsible |! for |! the |! re-drawing |! of |! districts
- |! It |! is |! a |! political |! process: |! party |! in |! power |! controls |! the |! process
- |! Most |! states |! require |! legislative |! approval |! of |! redistricting |! plans Impeachment |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Ultimate |! form |! of |! oversight
- |! Can |! charge |! president, |! VP, |! or |! other |! "civil |! officers" |! with |! "Treason, |! Bribery, |! or |! other |! High |! Crimes |! and |! Misdemeanors." Process: |! - |! House |! charges |! official |! w/ |! Crime |! (simple |! majority |! to |! vote) |! - |! Senate |! conducts |! impeachment |! trials |! (Chief |! Justice |! presides |! over |! trial |! if president |! is |! involved)à2/3 |! of |! Senate |! must |! agree |! to |! remove |! official
Veto |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Authority |! of |! the |! president |! to |! reject |! bill |! passed |! by |! both |! chambers |! of |! Congress War |! Powers |! Resolution |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Passed |! in |! 1973, |! limits |! president's |! authority |! to |! introduce |! American |! troops |! into |! hostile |! lands |! without |! congressional |! approval Cabinet |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! body |! of |! presidential |! advisors |! who |! head |! the |! fifteen |! executive |! departments Pardon |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! An |! executive |! grant |! releasing |! an |! individual |! from |! punishment |! or |! legal |! consequences |! of |! a |! crime |! before |! or |! after |! conviction, |! and |! restores |! all |! rights |! and |! privileges |! of |! citizenship
- |! Unconditional |! and |! president |! does |! not |! need |! a |! reason |! for |! issuing |! pardon Emoluments |! Clause |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Part |! of |! the |! Title |! of |! Nobility |! Clause |! in |! Article |! I |! of |! constitution "... |! no |! person |! holding |! any |! office |! of |! profit |! or |! trust |! under |! them, |! shall, |! without |! the |! consent |! of |! the |! Congress, |! accept |! of |! any |! present, |! emolument, |! or |! title, |! of |! any |! kind |! whatever, |! from |! any |! king, |! prince, |! or |! foreign |! state."
[AKA]
a |! gift |! given |! to |! a |! government |! official, |! which |! must |! be |! limited |! to |! avoid |! committing |! bribery Original |! jurisdiction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔The |! jurisdiction |! of |! courts |! that |! hear |! the |! case |! first, |! usually |! in |! a |! trial |! → |! Courts |! determine |! the |! facts |! of |! a |! case Appellate |! jurisdiction |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Power |! vested |! in |! particular |! courts |! to |! review |! and/or |! revise |! the |! decision |! of |! a |! lower |! court U.S. |! Courts |! of |! Appeal |! (Circuit |! Courts) |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Intermediate |! federal |! courts |! of |! appeal
- |! Losing |! party |! in |! federal |! district |! court |! cases |! can |! appeal |! decision |! to |! a |! court |! of |! appeals
- |! No |! original |! jurisdiction, |! only |! appellate |! jurisdiction U.S. |! District |! Courts |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔"trial" |! courts; |! authority |! to |! try |! cases; |! original |! jurisdiction; |! don't |! cut |! across |! state |! lines' |! has |! a |! U.S. |! Attorney
Amicus |! curiae |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Interest |! group |! participation
- |! Important |! social |! issues |! with |! wide |! interest |! group |! support
- |! Well-funded |! interest |! groups |! sponsor |! cases |! before |! the |! supreme |! court Writ |! of |! certiorari |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔A |! request |! for |! the |! Supreme |! Court |! to |! order |! up |! the |! records |! from |! a |! lower |! court |! to |! review |! the |! case Precedent |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Decisions |! of |! higher |! courts |! generally |! establish |! a |! binding |! precedent |! that |! lower |! courts |! are |! compelled |! to |! follow
- |! Stare |! decisis: |! refers |! to |! the |! idea |! that |! courts |! should |! generally |! defer |! to |! the |! precedent |! established |! by |! previous |! court |! decisions Merit |! system |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔Employment |! system |! based |! on |! qualifications, |! test |! scores |! and |! ability, |! NOT |! loyalty Cabinet |! departments |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! 15 |! departments |! account |! for |! 60% |! of |! federal |! workforce
- |! Headed |! by |! secretaries |! → |! Responsible |! for |! establishing |! department's |! general |! policy |! and |! overseeing |! operations |!
- |! Each |! department |! can |! have |! many |! agencies |! and |! bureaus Spoils |! system |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔•Selecting |! employees |! on |! the |! basis |! of |! party |! loyalty, |! electoral |! support, |! and |! political |! influence |!
- |! Jobs, |! grants, |! or |! other |! special |! favors |! given |! as |! rewards |! to |! friends |! and |! political |! allies |! for |! their |! support Government |! corporations |! - |! Correct |! answer |! ✔• |! Established |! by |! Congress |! to |! perform |! functions |! in |! business-like |! manner; |! charge |! clients |! for |! services
- |! Have |! great |! deal |! of |! autonomy |! and |! independence |! and |! are |! designed |! to |! pay |! for |! themselves
- |! Do |! not |! have |! stockholders
- |! Usually |! created |! when |! financial |! incentives |! for |! private |! industry |! to |! provide |! services |! are |! minimal |! → |! Ex. |! United |! States |! Postal |! Service |! and |! Amtrak
