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TCDHA OROFACIAL II MIDTERM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
bones
- protect soft tissues
- biomechanical basis for movement along with muscles, tendons and ligaments
- considered in spread of dental infection (periapical abscess)
bony prominence aka a process
- landmarks for attachments of muscles, tendons, and ligaments
- condyle,
- tuberosity,
- head,
- arch,
- cornu,
- tubercle/eminence,
- crest,
- line,
- spine
condyle
- located at joints/articulations
tuberosity
- large, rough prominence
- area for muscle & tendon attachment
head
- rounded
- projecting from a bone by a neck
arch
- prominent
- shaped like a bridge
cornu
tubercle/eminence small rounded elevation
crest
- roughened border or ridge on the bone surface
fossa/fossae
- deeper depression
- can be portions of joints, attachment of muscles or have other functions
bony openings
- foramen
- canal
- meatus
- fissure
- ostium
- aperture
foramen/foramina
- short
- window like opening
canal
- longer, narrow tube like opening
meatus a type of CANAL
fissure narrow cleft like opening
ostium/ostia small opening into a hollow organ or canal
aperture opening or orifice in bone
articulation where bones are JOINED to each other (a joint)
suture union of bones by fibrous tissue
- generally IMMOVABLE
- protection to hard blow by moving slightly to absorb the force
- most flexible in infants sutures and articulations coronal sutures (paired)
- Landmarks on radiographs and the administration of local anaesthesia.
- It is also essential to record the findings as mandated by CDHO
the skull comprises __ bones 22
- excluding middle ear bones
skull (neurocranium)
- protects the brain
- cranial bones
face (viscerocranium)
skull
- bones are unpaired and paired
- facial morphology, TMJ development, and tooth development brought about by bones
- growth of the UPPER FACE: sutures between maxillary and other bones and other bone surface
- growth of the LOWER FACE: bony surface of the mandible, head of the condyle
- can lead to malocclusion improper growth of
- a movable articulation with the bony vertebral column in the neck
all skull bones are immovable EXCEPT the mandible and TMJ
bone location
skull bones table
temporal bone BONY OPENINGS:
- carotid canal
- external acoustic meatus
- internal acoustic meatus
- petrotympanic fissure NERVE AND BLOOD VESSELS:
- internal carotid artery
- opening to tympanic cavity
- C7 and C8 cranial nerve
mandible process of skull PROCESS OF SKULL
- alveolar process
- coronoid process
ASSOCIATED STRUCTURES
- contains roots of mandibular teeth
- portion of ramus
maxilla process of skull PROCESS OF SKULL
- alveolar process
- frontal process
- palatine process
- zygomatic process
occipital bone completely forms the FORAMEN MAGNUM
- most posterior portion of skull
- occipital condyles
- pharyngeal tubercle
- hypoglossal canal
- jugular notch
articulates:
- parietal
- temporal
- sphenoid
- 1st cervical vertebra (the ATLAS)
occipital condyles lateral/anterior to the foramen magnum
makes up the
- medial portion of the JUGULAR FORAMEN
- temporal bone comprises the lateral portion
posterior view skull
side view skull
frontal bone forms the forehead and superior part of the orbits
- lateral view shows the SUPERIOR and INFERIOR TEMPORAL LINES
- FRONTAL SINUSES are paired paranasal sinuses internally articulates
- parietal
- sphenoid
- lacrimal
- nasal
- ethmoid
- zygomatic
- maxillae
frontal bone ANTERIOR view
- orbital plates
- supraorbital ridges
- supraorbital notch
- glabella
- frontal eminence
- zygomatic process of the frontal bone
orbital plates form superior wall/orbital roof supraorbital ridges prominent in adult males, curved elevations over the superior portion of the orbit, subjacent to eyebrows
supraorbital notch medial portion of the supraorbital ridge or 1 inch from midline
- can produce soreness when palpated
- supraorbital artery and nerve travel from ORBIT to FOREHEAD
glabella smooth elevated at area between supraorbital ridge
- flat in children and females
- rounded prominence adult male
DUCT
parietal bones superior and posterior portion of the skull
- forms posterior roof of the skull
- protects the skull and brain
- sagittal suture joins each parietal bone
articulates
- with each other
- occipital
- frontal
- temporal
- sphenoid
temporal bones lateral walls of skull
- paired cranial bones that form lateral walls of the skull
articulates
- parietal
- occipital
- sphenoid
- mandible each has 3 portions
- squamous
- tympanis
- petrous
3 portions of the temporal bone SQUAMOUS
- zygomatic process
- zygomatic arch
- TMJ
- jugular notch
- internal acoustic meatus
squamous - temporal bone large, flat, fan shaped
forms
- zygomatic process
- part of the ZYGOMATIC ARCH (cheekbones!)
- cranial portion of the TMJ
- inferior of zygomatic process is the ARTICULAR FOSSA
- anterior to articular fossa is ARTICULAR EMINENCE and the ARTICULAR FOSSA and the ARTICULAR EMINENCE articulate with the MANDABLE at the TMJ
zygomatic process
tympanic- temporal bone
EXTERNAL ACOUSTIC MEATUS
- mostly formed by tympanic portion
- a short canal leading to tympanic cavity; located posterior to articular fossa
PETROTYMPANIC FISSURE
- a fissure that separates the tympanic portion from petrosal portion
- where the CHORDA TYMPANI NERVE emerges
petrous - temporal bone
MASTOID PROCESS
MASTOID NOTCH
STYLOID PROCESS
STYLOMASTOID FORAMEN
APERTURE OF CAROTID CANAL
JUGULAR NOTCH
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