teas study guide for test, Exercises of Nursing

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Atom Smallest particle of an element and basic unit of matter atomic number the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom atomic mass Number of protons and neutrons

Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons cell basic unit of everything

proteins ( enzymes ) helps with shape ,communication , transportation Co-factors help (aid)the enzyme to function properly. Theses are non - proteins vitamin A

also known as retinol, is a fat-soluble vitamin. deficiency is a major cause of eye problems such as poor night vision. protein deficiency Kwashiorkor and Marasmus Rickets Vitamin D deficiency in children

atoms , molecules, cell, tissue, organs, organs system, organism Endoplasmic Reiculum (Smooth) no ribosomes Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough) A system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids.

Mitochondria The powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) makes own DNA Cristea folds ribosomes folds also Lysosomes An organelle containing digestive enzymes (proteins, lipids, carbs) digestion of damaged structure recycling center a waste center of cells digestive enzymes

cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes (Asexual) Meosis The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells \ (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. Meiosis process

1. starts with the pairing of homologous chromosomes, separates each pair, produces two daughter cells(each with 1 set of chromosomes).
2. Sister chromatids separate results in four haploids. Mitosis process interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase The main purpose of mitosis is to replace dead or damaged cells like skin cells that are constantly being shed. Mitosis also gets to work when the body experiences a cut or a broken bone. ... If repair is not possible, the cell receives a signal to die off. Mitosisreinvigorates injured tissue with normal cells.

Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template Translation Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced

RNA Codons AUCG Pairs with UAGC Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine DNA Codons. ATCG Pairs with TAGC Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

Metaphase second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell Anaphase the third phase of mitosis, during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles

Teleophase the final stage where the chromosomes are located at opposite sides of cells. The cell pinches in the middle, created TWIN cells (T for TWIN) How many tissue types are there? 4 (epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous)

Epithelial cell shapes

1. squamous: thin, allows for rapid passage of substances through them
2. cuboidal: tall as they are wide; function in secretion or absorption
3. columnar: taller than they are wide; protect underlying tissue; some have cilia or microvilli; secretion/absorption
4. transitional: change shape from squamous to cuboidal and back as organs stretch and collapse

connective tissue A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts loose connective tissue areolar, adipose, reticular dense connective tissue tendons and ligaments types of connective tissue bone, cartilage, dense connective tissue, loose connective tissue, blood