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Trephination
an ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skill, perhaps to treat abnormal behavior. TERM 2
Psychoanalysis
DEFINITION 2 Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal psychological forces as the cause of psychotherapy TERM 3
Correlation
DEFINITION 3 The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with each other TERM 4
Longitudinal Study
DEFINITION 4 A study that observes the same subjects on many occasions over a long period of time TERM 5
Dependent Variable
DEFINITION 5 The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated
Quasi-Experiment
Investigators do not randomly assign participants to control an experimental group but instead make use of groups, that alread exist in the world at large. TERM 7
Natural
Experiment
DEFINITION 7 An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable. TERM 8
Analogue
Experiment
DEFINITION 8 A research method in which the experimenter produces abnormal-like behavior in laboratory subjects and then conducts experiments on the subjects. TERM 9
Model
DEFINITION 9 A set of assumptions and concepts that helps scientists explain and interpret observations (paradigm) TERM 10
Psychosurgery
DEFINITION 10 Brain surgery for mental disorders
Object Relations Theory
A person is motivated by need TERM 17
Classical Conditioning
DEFINITION 17 A process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person's mind and so produce the same response TERM 18
Cognitive Therapy
DEFINITION 18 a therapy developed by Aaron Beck that helps people identify and change the maladaptive assumptions and ways of thinking that help cause their psychological disorders TERM 19
Multicultural Perspective
DEFINITION 19 The view that each culture within a larger society has a particular set of values and beliefs, as well as special external factors, that help account for the behavior and functioning of its members (cultural diversity) TERM 20
Reliability
DEFINITION 20 A measure of the consistency of test or research results
Validity
The accuracy of a test's or study's results; that is, the extent to which the test or study actually measures or show what it claims to do. TERM 22
Clinical Interview
DEFINITION 22 A face-to-face encounter in which clinicians ask questions of clients, weigh their responses and reactions, and learn about them and their psychological problems TERM 23
Mental Status Exam
DEFINITION 23 A set of interview questions and obersvations designed to reveal the degree and nature of a person's abormal functioning. TERM 24
MMPI
DEFINITION 24 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is a widely used personality inventory consisting of a large number of statements that subjects mark as being true or false for them. TERM 25
Response Inventories
DEFINITION 25 Tests designed to measure a person's responses in one specific area of functioning, such as affect, social skills, or cognitive processes
DSM-IV-TR
The text revision of DSM-IV, the current edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders TERM 32
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
DEFINITION 32 A disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities TERM 33
Client Centered Therapy
DEFINITION 33 The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately, and conveying genuiness TERM 34
Rational-Emotive Theory
DEFINITION 34 a cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helps people identify and change their irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their psychological disorders. TERM 35
Relaxation
Training
DEFINITION 35 A treatment procedure that teaches people to relax at will
Biofeedback
A treatment technique in which a person is given information about physiological reactions as they occur and learns to control the responses voluntarily TERM 37
Specific Phobia
DEFINITION 37 A severe and persistent fear of a specific object or situation (other than agoraphobia and social phobia) TERM 38
Modeling
DEFINITION 38 A process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating others. Also, a therapy approach based on the same principle TERM 39
Panic Disorder
DEFINITION 39 An anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks TERM 40
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
DEFINITION 40 A disorder characterized by recurrent and unwanted thoughts and or a need to perfom rigidly repetitive physical or mental action
