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Introduction to Biology: Key Concepts and Definitions, Quizzes of Biology

Key concepts in biology, including scientific method, properties of living organisms, matter structure, and cell functions. Covers emergent properties, order, regulation, growth, energy utilization, response to environment, reproduction, evolution, inquiry, hypothesis, reasoning, religious/philosophical ideas, comparisons, serendipity, esthetic preference, experiment, data, conclusion, science, theory, matter, elements, compounds, atoms, chemical bonds, water properties, cohesion, adhesion, acid, base, organic compounds, proteins, nucleic acids, cells, cytoplasm, chromatin, ribosome, er, golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuoles, chloroplasts, mitochondria, energy, entropy, calories, atp, enzyme, transport, solute, osmosis, hypotonic, hypertonic, exocytosis.

Typology: Quizzes

2010/2011

Uploaded on 09/22/2011

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TERM 1
emergent properties of life
DEFINITION 1
characteristics that make something alive, or a "living thing"
TERM 2
order
DEFINITION 2
all living things exhibit complex, but some type of ordered
organization/structure
TERM 3
regulation/homeostasis
DEFINITION 3
(same state/status) organisms have the ability to regulate
their internal environmentEx.: mammals sweat and cool off
when they are cold, shake and move when they are cold in
order to move muscles to stay warm
TERM 4
growth and development
DEFINITION 4
living organisms will grow and continue to change, genes
control patterns of growth. this is controlledmolecularly
(controld different growth patterns
TERM 5
energy utilization
DEFINITION 5
organisms take in energy to perform all other functions.
energy is a necessary intake in some form>be able to
metabolize and every other function in order to perform.
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emergent properties of life

characteristics that make something alive, or a "living thing"

TERM 2

order

DEFINITION 2

all living things exhibit complex, but some type of ordered

organization/structure

TERM 3

regulation/homeostasis

DEFINITION 3

(same state/status) organisms have the ability to regulate

their internal environmentEx.: mammals sweat and cool off

when they are cold, shake and move when they are cold in

order to move muscles to stay warm

TERM 4

growth and development

DEFINITION 4

living organisms will grow and continue to change, genes

control patterns of growth. this is controlledmolecularly

(controld different growth patterns

TERM 5

energy utilization

DEFINITION 5

organisms take in energy to perform all other functions.

energy is a necessary intake in some form>be able to

metabolize and every other function in order to perform.

response to environment

organisms detect and respond to the environment

TERM 7

reproduction

DEFINITION 7

organisms reproduce their own kind. It is necessary in order

to have extinction

TERM 8

evolution

DEFINITION 8

populations change and evolve overtime (part of a living

system)

TERM 9

inquiry

DEFINITION 9

the search for information and explanation

TERM 10

epistemological cycle

DEFINITION 10

the study of understanding or how we come to know

something

serendipity

occurrenceof events by chance

TERM 17

esthetic preference

DEFINITION 17

something you simply want to know

TERM 18

experiment

DEFINITION 18

gathering data can make the decision to accept or regret

hypothesis

TERM 19

data

DEFINITION 19

must be objective, not subjective. something that can be

quantified or verified

TERM 20

conclusion

DEFINITION 20

make a decision to accept or reject your hypothesis. NEVER

prove

science

a method of investigation based on the testing of falsifiable

hypotheses that are generalizations that can be falsified but

never absolutely verified. a way of knowing, not THE way of

knowing

TERM 22

theory

DEFINITION 22

a cluster of related hypotheses that share a common

language and a common subject matter

TERM 23

matter

DEFINITION 23

anything that occupies space and has mass. found on earth

in three physical states: solid, liquid, gas

TERM 24

elements

DEFINITION 24

substances that cannot be broken down into other

substances. 92 naturally occurring. 25 are essential to life.

TERM 25

compounds

DEFINITION 25

2 or more elements combimed

ionic bonds

transfer of electrons. when an atom loses /gains, it becomes

electrically charged

TERM 32

covalent bond

DEFINITION 32

forms when tow atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell

electrons

TERM 33

molecule

DEFINITION 33

atoms held together by covalent bonds

TERM 34

hydrogen bonds

DEFINITION 34

polar covalent molecules. positive hydrogen attracted to a

negative oxygen or nitrogen. weak or temporary

TERM 35

emergent properties of water

DEFINITION 35

cohesive and adhesive.ability to moderate temperature.solid

form lighter than liquid form.versatility as a solvent

cohesion

water molecule tends to stick to each other.

TERM 37

adhesion

DEFINITION 37

water molecules stick to other polar molecules

TERM 38

surface tension

DEFINITION 38

weight is distributed perfectly

TERM 39

acid

DEFINITION 39

substance that INCREASES H+ of a solution

TERM 40

base

DEFINITION 40

substance that REDUCES H+ of a solution

monosaccharides

simple sugar, cannot be broken down by hydrolysis

TERM 47

disaccharides

DEFINITION 47

double sugar. lactose, maltose, sucrose

TERM 48

polysaccharides

DEFINITION 48

more than 2 saccharides. complex sugar. long chains.

cellulose, glycogen, starch

TERM 49

proteins

DEFINITION 49

made up of individual units of amino acids.polymeric units

polypeptdes

TERM 50

nucleic acids

DEFINITION 50

polymers of a sugar, nitrogen-containing organic molecule

DNA RNA

deoxyribose nucleic acidribo nucleic acid

TERM 52

prokaryotic cells

DEFINITION 52

bacteria and archaeabefore/firstnucleussmaller, simpler,

most don't have membrane-enclosed organelles, bacteria

and archaea, pili, capsule, plasma membrance

TERM 53

eukaryotic cells

DEFINITION 53

protists, plants, fungi and animalstrue nucleuslarger, more

complex, membrane-enclosed organelles

TERM 54

cytoplasm

DEFINITION 54

consists of various organelles suspended in fluid

TERM 55

chromatin

DEFINITION 55

fibers formed bu DNA molecules and associated proteins

lysosome

digestive sack of enzymes

TERM 62

vacuoles

DEFINITION 62

regulate water

TERM 63

chloroplasts

DEFINITION 63

capture energy from sunlight and transform it into organic

compounds (sugars)

TERM 64

mitochondria

DEFINITION 64

takes energy from food and produces chemical energy.

ATP=energy

TERM 65

energy

DEFINITION 65

the capacity to do work. transfers heat in humans. muscles

get tired

potential energy

the energy an object has because of location. something you

might be able to do because of your location

TERM 67

kinetic energy

DEFINITION 67

energy in motion. potential energy is transferred into _______

energy. Ex.: standing on a diving board and jumping down

TERM 68

conservation of energy

DEFINITION 68

it is not possible to create or destroy energy. reason why we

"transfer of energy" instead of "creation". it is always there

we just ned to use it/transfer it

TERM 69

entropy

DEFINITION 69

measures the amount of disorder/randomness in a system

TERM 70

calories

DEFINITION 70

amount of energy that can raise temperature of one gram of

water by one-degree Celsius. way to measure energy

passive transport

inactive

TERM 77

active transport

DEFINITION 77

requires energy

TERM 78

solute

DEFINITION 78

dissolves in water

TERM 79

osmosis

DEFINITION 79

form of passive transport, transport of water in direction of

hypertonic solution though the membrane

TERM 80

hypotonic

DEFINITION 80

not enough solutes

hypertonic

more solutes

TERM 82

exocytosis

DEFINITION 82

outside of the cell