BIOL 1120 Reeder
TEST #1 REVIEW
Taxonomy of the Animal Kingdom
Porifera through Echinodermata with various representative classes and example organisms: responsible for
classes of the following phyla only: Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda
Characteristics of the Animal Kingdom (utilizing lay terminology)
• Skeletal: hydrostatic skeleton, endo-, exo-
• backbone (vertebrate, invertebrate)
• body spaces and body plan (coelom, pseudocoelom, hemocoel; "sac" and "tube-within-a tube" body plans)
• Germ layers (2,3): diploblastic and triploblastic; systems and tissues derived from each germ layer;
gastrulation
• body symmetry (radial, bilateral): bilateral anatomical terms; cephalization; sagittal plane in bilateral
symmetry
• segmentation
• reproduction: principally sexual with monoecious and dioecious forms
• appendages
• digestive tract type (complete, incomplete)
• circulatory system (open, closed)
• respiratory system
• nerve system
• excretory system
• lines of evolution: protostome and deuterostome groups (Mollusca, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata,
and Chordata); radial and spiral symmetry; determinate and indeterminate fate of cells; blastula and the
blastopore
*Significance of the hydrostatic skeleton to acoelomate and coelomate animals to supplement circulation, respiration,
excretion and support
*Significance of the coelom to the advancement of higher animals
Survey of the Animal Kingdom
*Note distinguishing features and/or characteristics of members of each phylum, primitive to advanced attributes,
and phyla where various advanced traits are first seen; phylogeny is noted between various groups
Certain phyla will have representative classes and genera noted
Porifera: pore-bearing
Coelenterata (Cnidaria): hollow gut, stinging cells
Platyhelminthes: dorso-ventrally flattened
Nematoda: round
Mollusca: soft-bodied
Annelida: segmented
Arthropoda: joint-foot
Echinodermata: spiny-skinned