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TEST 2 - chapters 4, 5, 6, 8 | PSYC - Psychology, Quizzes of Psychology

Class: PSYC - Psychology; Subject: Psychology; University: Lord Fairfax Community College; Term: Forever 1989;

Typology: Quizzes

2015/2016

Uploaded on 10/03/2016

jvinson120
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TERM 1
Consciousness
DEFINITION 1
State of awareness of your environment and yourself.
TERM 2
Sleep
DEFINITION 2
Most common form of altered consciousness.
restore energy
process unfinished information
allows us to dream
--> Some say it's a habit and others say it's a severe
reduction in sensory stimulation
TERM 3
What are the two kinds of sleep?
DEFINITION 3
NREM (non-rapid eye movement)
REM (rapid eye movement)
TERM 4
What is NREM sleep?
DEFINITION 4
First 4-stages of sleep (non-rapid eye movement)
all other muscles may move
brain waves inactive`
TERM 5
What happens during NREM sleep?
DEFINITION 5
On average, 90-minute cycles; humans go through 4-6
cycles/night.
dreams can occur but unlikely
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Download TEST 2 - chapters 4, 5, 6, 8 | PSYC - Psychology and more Quizzes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

Consciousness

State of awareness of your environment and yourself. TERM 2

Sleep

DEFINITION 2 Most common form of altered consciousness. restore energy process unfinished information allows us to dream --> Some say it's a habit and others say it's a severe reduction in sensory stimulation TERM 3

What are the two kinds of sleep?

DEFINITION 3 NREM (non-rapid eye movement) REM (rapid eye movement) TERM 4

What is NREM sleep?

DEFINITION 4 First 4-stages of sleep (non-rapid eye movement) all other muscles may move brain waves inactive` TERM 5

What happens during NREM sleep?

DEFINITION 5 On average, 90-minute cycles; humans go through 4- cycles/night. dreams can occur but unlikely

What is REM sleep?

The 5, and last, stage of sleep (rapid eye movement) all other muscles are paralyzed

1. prevent you from acting out your dreams brain waves active TERM 7

What happens during REM sleep?

DEFINITION 7 See similar card: NREM sleep. dreams occur most often here TERM 8

What is a healthy number of hours of

sleep?

DEFINITION 8 7-9 hours; varies with age < this amount may affect mood

this amount may cause drowsiness TERM 9

What are some effects of sleep deprivation?

DEFINITION 9 causes anxiety level to rise pain threshold is lowered (little aches & pains become noticeable) blurred vision hallucinations anger TERM 10

What are some sleep disorders?

DEFINITION 10 S. I. N. S. E. (since) S leep Apnea I nsomnia N arcolepsy S omnambulism E nuresis

How do drugs affect consciousness?

They chemically alter the conscious. TERM 17

What are the types of drugs?

DEFINITION 17 Narcotics - Opiates - Opioids Depressants Stimulants Hallucinatives TERM 18

What are Narcotics?

DEFINITION 18 Pain-killers. --> highly addictive codeine morphine heroin TERM 19

What are Depressants?

DEFINITION 19 Drugs that have a sedative effect on the CNS by inhibitingneurotransmitters. barbituates(uncommon) alcohol (common) **stress speeds neurotransmitters up and causes you to be wired **alcohol slows them down and relaxes you very addictive TERM 20

What are stimulants?

DEFINITION 20 Drugs that increase arousal by increasing the neurotransmitters.**AKA - amphetamines or speed **highly addictive Methamphetamine Benzedrine Cocaine Ritalin Caffeine Nicotine Dexadine Ecstasy

What are Hallucinatives?

Drugs that radically distort perception & usually cause hallucinations.--psychologically addictive LSD (acid) --causes vivid hallucinations Shrooms PCP (animal tranquilizer) --gives abnormal strength Toads (smuggled in) --secretes defensive substance which is licked off back Weed (radically distorts reality) TERM 22

Physiological Addiction

DEFINITION 22 Body becomes dependent on the drug and has to have it to function. TERM 23

Psychological Addiction

DEFINITION 23 Body doesn't need the drug, but your mind thinks it does. TERM 24

What is Hypnosis?

DEFINITION 24 An altered state of consciousness that allows you to have suggestions planted in your mind. are put into a state of relaxation and are talked deep into an induction causes you to have this behavior when in contact with this stimulus Discovered by Franz Anton Mesmer TERM 25

Franz Anton Mesmer

DEFINITION 25 Unintentionally hypnotized people through his use of magnetic tools. 1800's terms "mesmerize" and "magnetic personality" derived from him

Disinhibition

Lowers inhibition & causes you to do things you normally wouldn't. TERM 32

Stimulus

DEFINITION 32 Anything that can cause a behavior. TERM 33

Response

DEFINITION 33 Behavior that results from the stimulus. TERM 34

Ivan Pavlov

DEFINITION 34 Behaviorism -- measured amount of saliva produced when dog is given meat powder (bell - meat - salivation). Classical Conditioning TERM 35

What is Classical Conditioning?

DEFINITION 35 Repeatedly pairing two stimuli until they form an association so both produce the same response. Pavlov's Dog Exp. Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) = Meat (natural stimulus - naturally caused salivation) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) = Bell (learned stimulus) Unconditioned Response (UCR) = Salivation (Meat) Conditioned Response (CR) = Salivation (Bell)

John B. Watson & Rosalie

Raynor

Both worked closely together and replicated all of Pavlov's experiments. Later went into advertising w/ CR.EXP. Little Albert --> classically conditioned 9 mo. old boy and gave him a phobia --> introduced to thing --> frightened -->calmed down --> repeated Stimuls Generalization Watson Pavlov's predecessor. Father of Behaviorism TERM 37

Phobia

DEFINITION 37 An irrational fear of something. TERM 38

Stimulus Generalization

DEFINITION 38 Once you condition a response to a stimulus, similar stimuli will produce the same response. TERM 39

Name 7 applications of Classical Conditioning.

DEFINITION 39

  1. Ads2. Phobias3. Lamaze (breathing exercises for pregnant women)4. Military Training5. Test anxiety6. Diets7. Rehab TERM 40

B.F. Skinner

DEFINITION 40 Behaviorist. Operant Conditioning --> 4 outcomes "Skinner Box" - reward dispenser. if you do certain behavior, receive reward. (demonstrated with pigeons & button w/ food dispenser)

Shaping

Just as important as Consequences!Teach complicated behaviors in small steps and reward every success. Permanent changes.EX. teaching tricks to pets. reward with treat. TERM 47

Blocking

DEFINITION 47 Memory error when you cannot access stored information. TERM 48

Episodic Memory

DEFINITION 48 A type of declarative memory that contains information about events we have personally experienced, also known as autobiographical memory. TERM 49

Explicit Memory

DEFINITION 49 Memories we consciously try to remember and recall. TERM 50

Flashbulb Memory

DEFINITION 50 Exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

Implicit Memory

Memories that are not part of our consciousness. TERM 52

Misattribution

DEFINITION 52 Memory error in which you confuse the source of your information. TERM 53

Transcience

DEFINITION 53 Memory error in which unused memories fade with the passage of time. TERM 54

Cognitive Map

DEFINITION 54 A mental picture of the layout of the environment. TERM 55

Extinction

DEFINITION 55 A decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus.

Pheromene

A chemical message sent by another individual. TERM 62

Subliminal Message

DEFINITION 62 A message presented below the threshold of conscious awareness. TERM 63

Vertigo

DEFINITION 63 Spinning sensation. TERM 64

Principle of Closure

DEFINITION 64 Organize perceptions into complete objects rather than a series of parts. TERM 65

Circadian Rhythm

DEFINITION 65 The biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours.

Evolutionary Psychology

A discipline that studies how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time as a result of natural selection. TERM 67

Homeostasis

DEFINITION 67 The tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system. TERM 68

Lucid Dreaming

DEFINITION 68 People become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content. TERM 69

Meditation

DEFINITION 69 Clearing the mind in order to achieve a state of relaxed awareness and focus. TERM 70

Melatonin

DEFINITION 70 A hormone secreted by the endocrine gland that serves as an important regulator of the sleep-wake cycle.

Declarative Memory

Cognitive - requires thinking.1. Sensory Memory2. Short-term Memory3. Long-term Memory TERM 77

Sensory Memory

DEFINITION 77 All information from your 5 senses goes here. in/out < a sec TERM 78

Short-term Memory

DEFINITION 78 Anything you're currently aware of. stays here just long enough for us to use it limited room (7-pcs) TERM 79

Long-term Memory

DEFINITION 79 Information is stored for a long time, but not permanently. limitless TERM 80

Retrieval Cue

DEFINITION 80 Any stimulus that helps you gain access to a memory.

Mnemonics

Devices that aid memory. TERM 82

Elaboration

DEFINITION 82 Building on one memory by making many associations with it. multiple access routes = easier to recall TERM 83

Chunking

DEFINITION 83 Putting information into meaningful groups. grouping #'s 1-9 into one giant # TERM 84

Interference Effects

DEFINITION 84 Things that interfere with memory.1. Proactive2. Retroactive TERM 85

Proactive Interference

DEFINITION 85 When previously learned information interferes with learning something new.( pro -active => pre -vious)

Theory of Failure of

Consolation

Before memory can be permanently stored in long-term, a certain amount of time must pass for it to consolidate. 2-3 hours to complete retrograde amnesia - anything traumatic will wipe out the memory TERM 92

Theory of Motivated Forgetting

DEFINITION 92

  1. Repression2. Suppression3. Dissociative Amnesia4. Dissociative Identity Disorder (multiple personality) TERM 93

Repression

DEFINITION 93 Automatic; brain puts memories away for good. TERM 94

Suppression

DEFINITION 94 Can deliberately put away memory and pull it back up when you're ready to use it. TERM 95

Dissociative Amnesia

DEFINITION 95 More severe form of repression; Can cause you to partially or even totally lose your identity. become so stressed out, completely forget who you are

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Become so stressed out that identity gets shattered into fragments and each fragment becomes its own identity. male/female each personality responsible for their own, separate tasks such as cleaning, hw, work, etc TERM 97

Theory of Somatogenic Amnesia

DEFINITION 97 Selective memory loss due to physiological reasons. "blow" to the head (or concussion) excessive drug and alcohol use breathing polluted air radiation diseases such as Alzheimer's