Download Infectious Diseases: Overview of Causes, Symptoms, Transmission, Treatment, and Prevention and more Quizzes Microbiology in PDF only on Docsity!
Ch.18 Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Causative Agent:Leishmania majorSymptoms:Skin sores that ulceratesTransmission:Sandfly bitesTreatment:StibogluconatePrevention:Protecting skin from sandfly bites TERM 2
Visceral leishmaniasis (kala azar)
DEFINITION 2 Causative Agent:Leishmania denovaniSymptoms:Fever, swolle spleen and liver, anemia, emaciationTransmission:Sandfly bitesTreatment:StibogluconatePrevention:Protecting skin from sandfly bites TERM 3
Amoebiasis
DEFINITION 3 Causative Agent:Entamoeba histolyticaSymptoms:Loose stools, stomach pain and cramping, Amoebic dysenteryTransmission:Indirect throgh food or waterTreatment:Metronidazole, ParomomycinPrevention:Avoiding contaminated food, unpasteurized milk TERM 4
Giardiasis
DEFINITION 4 Causative Agent:Giardia intestinalisSymptoms:Nausea, gastric cramps, flatulence, foul-smelling watery diarrheaTransmission:Indirect through food or waterTreatment:Metronidazole, TinidazolePrevention:Practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding untreated water TERM 5
Crystosporidiosis
DEFINITION 5 Causative Agent:Cyrptosporidium parvum, cryptosporidium hminisSymptoms:Watery diarrhea, dehydration, comiting, nausea, stomach cramps, fever, malaiseTransmission:Contact with contaminated waterTreatment:Nitazoxanide, paromomycin, Fluid replacementPrevention:Practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding untreated water
Cyclosporiasis
Causative Agent:Cyclospora cayetanensisSymptoms:Watery diarrhea, nausea, abdominal cramping, bloating, vomitingTransmission:Contaminated fresh produce or waterTreatment:Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluid replacementPrevention:Avoiding untreated water and contaminated fresh produce TERM 7
Trichomoniasis
DEFINITION 7 Causative Agent:Trichomonas vaginalisSymptoms:Intense itching, discomfort on urination and sexual intercourse, yellow-green frothy discharge with strong odorTransmission:oral,vaginal, or anal sex w/ infected personTreatment:Metronidazole or tinidazolePrevention:Abstaining from sexual activity, limiting sexual partners, patient and partner treatment TERM 8
Malaria
DEFINITION 8 Causative Agent:4 Plasmodium species (listed in notes)Symptoms:Moderate-severe shaking chills, high fever, profuse sweating with chills, malaiseTransmission:Bite of infected anopheles mosquitoTreatment:Chlorine, quinine, mefloquine, malaronePrevention:Mefloquine, malarone TERM 9
African trypanosomiasis (African sleeping
sickness)
DEFINITION 9 Causative Agent:Trypanosoma bruceiSymptoms:Chronic bouts of fever, severe headache, change in sleep patters and behavoirTransmission:Bite of infected tsetse flyTreatment:Pentamidine, melarsoprol, eflornithinePrevention:Clearing areas where tsetse flies breed TERM 10
Chagas disease (American
trypanosomiasis)
DEFINITION 10 Causative Agent:Trypanosoma cruziSymptoms: Acute phase : Redness and swelling at infection site, asymptomatic. Chronic phase : Widespread tissue damageTransmission:Bite of an infected reduviid bugTreatment: Acute phase : Beznidazole&nifurtimox Chronic phase : Depends on signs and symptomsPrevention:Avoiding endemic residences, insecticides
Dog tapeworm disease
Causative Agent:Echinococcus granulosusSymptoms:Abdominal chest pain, coughing up bloodTransmission:Transmitted from domestic dogs and livestockTreatment:PraziquantelPrevention:Avoiding infected animals TERM 17
Pinworm disease
DEFINITION 17 Causative Agent:Enterobius vermicularisSymptoms:Anal or vaginal itching, irritability and restlessness, intermittent abdominal pain, nauseaTransmission:Ingestion of pinworm eggs from contaminated food, drink, or handsTreatment:AlbendazolePrevention:Practicing good hygiene and household cleaning TERM 18
Ascariasis
DEFINITION 18 Causative Agent:Acaris lumbricoidesSymptoms:Vague abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or bloody stoolsTransmission:Ingestion of contaminated foodTreatment:Madendazole, albendazolePrevention:Practicing good hygiene TERM 19
Trichinellosis
DEFINITION 19 Causative Agent:Trichinella spiralisSymptoms:Intestinal pain, vomiting, nausea, constipationTransmission:Consuption of raw or undercooked porkTreatment:MebendazolePrevention:Avoiding undercooked pork or wild animal meat TERM 20
Hookword disease
DEFINITION 20 Causative Agent:Anyclostoma duodenale, necator americanusSymptoms:Raised rash at skin entry site, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea, weight lossTransmission:Larvae in soilTreatment:MedendazolePrevention:Improving sanitation, avoiding contact with contaminated soil
Lymphatic filariasis
Causative Agent:Wuchereria bancroftiSymptoms:Swelling of arms, legs, scrotumTransmission:Lymphatic vessels from bite of infected mosquitoTreatment:Diethyl-carbamazine, albendazolePrevention:Avoiding mosquitoes in endemic areas
