Download Test 3 | PSCI 211 - Princ of US and Tex Gov-HONORS and more Quizzes Political Science in PDF only on Docsity!
party ideology
basic belief system that guides the party TERM 2
policy-relevant states
DEFINITION 2 States in which political parties have measurably different policy orientations. The party in power supports policies different from those of the other party TERM 3
one-party Democratic state
DEFINITION 3 control of most state offices from governor to local offices held by the Democratic party TERM 4
Yellow Dog Democrats
DEFINITION 4 people who voted straight ticket for Democrats- would vote for a yellow dog if it ran as a Democrat TERM 5
Shivercrats
DEFINITION 5 Democrats who followed Governor Allen Shiver's example and voted for Eisenhower in 1952 and 1956
straight ticket party voting
casting all your votes for candidates of one party TERM 7
party realignment in Texas
DEFINITION 7 the change from a state dominated by one political party to a two-party system operating today TERM 8
Yellow Pup Republican
DEFINITION 8 younger voters who tend to vote straight ticket for Republican candidates TERM 9
guns, gays, and God
DEFINITION 9 wedge issues used by Republicans to get Democratic voters to vote for Republican candidates TERM 10
party de-alignment
DEFINITION 10 view that holds that a growing number of voters and candidates do not identify with either major political party but are independents
state executive committee
committee made up of one man and one woman elected from each state senatorial district that functions as the governing body of the party TERM 17
temporary party organization
DEFINITION 17 series of meetings or conventions that occur every two years at the precinct, county, and state level TERM 18
presidential preference primary
DEFINITION 18 elections held every four years by political parties to determine the preferences of voters fro presidential candidates TERM 19
Iowa caucuses
DEFINITION 19 precinct conventions held every four years to select delegates to county and state conventions. presidential preference of these delegates is also determined at these meetings TERM 20
general elections
DEFINITION 20 regular elections held every two years to elect state officeholders
ballot form
the forms used by voters to cast their ballot. each county, with approval of the secretary of state, determines the form of the ballot TERM 22
party column format
DEFINITION 22 paper ballot form where candidates are listed by party and by office TERM 23
office
block
DEFINITION 23 ballot form where candidates are listed by office with party affiliation listed by their name. most often used with computer ballots TERM 24
independent candidate
DEFINITION 24 a person whose name appears on the ballot without a political party designation TERM 25
"sore loser" law
DEFINITION 25 law in Texas that prevents a person who lost the primary vote from running as an independent or minor party candidate
closed primary
a nominating election that is closed to all voters except those who have registered as a member of that political party TERM 32
semiclosed primary
DEFINITION 32 a nominating election that is open to all registered voters, but voters are required to declare party affiliation when they vote in the primary election TERM 33
blanket primary
DEFINITION 33 a nominating election in which voters could switch parties between elections TERM 34
runoff primary
DEFINITION 34 election that is required if no person receives a majority in the primary election. primarily used in southern and border states TERM 35
filing fee
DEFINITION 35 a fee or payment required to get a candidate's name on the primary or general election ballot
Voting Rights
Act
a federal law that allows the U.S. Justice Department to oversee the operation of voter registration and elections at the state level TERM 37
absentee voting
DEFINITION 37 a process that allows a person to vote early, before the regular election. applies to all elections in Texas. also called early voting. TERM 38
sound bite commercial
DEFINITION 38 a short, usually 30-second TV political advertisement that conveys a simple message about the candidate or the opponent TERM 39
feel good spots
DEFINITION 39 short political messages, often devoid of meaning, aimed at conveying a message that makes the voters have good feelings about the candidate TERM 40
sainthood spots
DEFINITION 40 political advertisements that portray the candidate as a virtuous person
equality of opportunity
a widely shared American ideal that all people should have the freedom to use whatever talents and wealth they have to reach their fullest potential TERM 47
liberal
DEFINITION 47 today, on who generally supports political and social reform; extensive governmental intervention in the economy; the expansion of federal social services, more vigorous efforts on behalf of the poor, minorities, and women; and greater concern for consumers and the environments TERM 48
liberty
DEFINITION 48 freedom from government control TERM 49
measurement error
DEFINITION 49 failure to identify the true distribution of opinion within a population because of errors such as ambiguous or poorly worded questions TERM 50
political socialization
DEFINITION 50 the process by which people learn political attitudes and beliefs
probability sampling
a method used by pollsters to select a sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent so that the correct weight can be given to all segments of the population TERM 52
public opinion
DEFINITION 52 citizen's attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events TERM 53
public opinion polls
DEFINITION 53 scientific instruments for measuring public opinion TERM 54
push polling
DEFINITION 54 a polling technique in which the questions are designed to shape the respondent's opinion TERM 55
random digit
dialing
DEFINITION 55 polls in which respondents are selected at random from a list of ten-digit telephone numbers, with every effort made to avoid bias in the construction of the sample
equal time rule
the requirement that broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public TERM 62
fairness doctrine
DEFINITION 62 a Federal Communicaitons Commission requirement for broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues to provide time for opposing views. the FCC ceased enforcing this doctrine in 1985 TERM 63
framing
DEFINITION 63 the power of the media to influence how events and issues are interpreted TERM 64
news enclave
DEFINITION 64 a group seeking specialized information not provided by the mainstream media TERM 65
priming
DEFINITION 65 preparing the public to take a particular view of an event or political actor
right of
rebuttal
a Federal Communications Commission regulation giving individuals the right to have the opportunity to respond to personal attacks made on a radio or television broadcast TERM 67
dual federalism
DEFINITION 67 the system of government that prevailed in the United States from 1789 to 1930's in which the powers of the national government and the states were considered entirely separate and distinct from each other; during this time, the states possessed a vast amount of governing power Chief Justice Roger Tawney there are enumerated powers and the national government can not exceed those powers responsible for the growth of states' rights Example: Dred Scott Case; the Supreme Court upheld the notion that the Court lacked the authority to regulate slavery in the states; rule out the possibility that the national government could do anything about slavery TERM 68
unfunded mandates
DEFINITION 68 regulations or conditions for receiving grants that impose costs on state and local governments for which they are not reimbursed by the federal government 1980's; tells the states to do something but doesn't pay for it TERM 69
necessary and proper clause
DEFINITION 69 Statement in Article 1, Section 8, paragraph 18, that says Congress can pass any law necessary and proper to carry out other powers. aka elastic clause TERM 70
full faith and credit clause
DEFINITION 70 Clause in Article 4 Section 1, that requires states to recognize the laws and judicial acts of other states, such as marriage and divorce
Strict Construction
Jefferson powers not stated in the Constitution are not given to Congress; all other powers are given to the states enumerated powers TERM 77
McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
DEFINITION 77 Maryland passed a tax on national banks McCulloch refused to pay; MD sued him and took to SC Two issues: does congress have the authority to charter a national bank? - Yes, under commerce clause Congress has the power to levy taxes and control currency & necessary and proper clause gives Congress the power 2) does the state have the power to levy a tax on a bank chartered in the US.? -No, the national government's powers are dependent upon people not states so they are giving states control over the national government TERM 78
Gibbons vs. Ogden (1824)
DEFINITION 78 gov of NY gave Fulton exclusive rights to operate steam ships on Hudson River and national government gave same rights to another person How far does Congress; authority to regulate commerce extend?- SC ruled the national government had the power to regulate shipping on the Hudson based on Commerce Clause CC allows gov to be involved in four things: highway regulation, stock trading, banking, and violence against women and civil rights TERM 79
Cooperative Federalism
DEFINITION 79 1930's-1970's overlapping of state and national government characterized by passage of federal programs that are enforced through use of funds FDR federalism existing since the New Deal era in which grants-in- aid have been used strategically to encourage states and localities to pursue nationally defined goals, with national and state governments sharing powers and resources via intergovernmental cooperation, TERM 80
categorical grant
DEFINITION 80 are given for a specific purpose that must be met by the state and local government; money is provided by Congress Congress allocates federal money for a specified purpose that must be met by state and local government; an example of cooperative federalism
New Federalism
Reagan 1970's- present gives back some power to the states devolution TERM 82
devolution
DEFINITION 82 returning powers to sate and localities from federal government TERM 83
block grants
DEFINITION 83 the federal government gives money to accomplish policy goals without telling them how to do it; free money with broad mandate 1980's TERM 84
political party
DEFINITION 84 large group of people who identify themselves with a particular set of political positions and get someone elected TERM 85
interest group
DEFINITION 85 influence public policy by lobbying Congress or political parties
Type of Members in Interest Groups
leadership - pursuit of policy goals and ends members who assist leadership - members who feel compelled to assist; help organize and are fully committed rank and file - pay dues but thats it; not actively involved TERM 92
lobbying
DEFINITION 92 trying to persuade a legislator to adopt particular views and beliefs because of interest group pressure TERM 93
pluralism
DEFINITION 93 balance of power due to competition of different groups Fed. #10- creates many groups but one group can't become too powerful neglects that we have virtue different interest groups fight for power to get legislative outcomes happens in the U.S. TERM 94
Political Socialization
DEFINITION 94 the process of absorbing political views and where those views come from TERM 95
Influences on political socialization
DEFINITION 95 family school and peer groups media religious background race and ethnic identity gender age geography
Family
our general attitudes towards politics are shaped sometimes we believe what our parents believe in maturity we might believe the opposite of what our parents believe in order to rebel TERM 97
School and Peer Groups
DEFINITION 97 whichever group we hang out with influences our views- conformity our educational system builds attitudes towards politics and our country TERM 98
Media
DEFINITION 98 we shape what media we choose we choose our own media based on what we already think does it just reinforce? TERM 99
Religious Background
DEFINITION 99 in the 1970's, more conservative Protestant- republican Catholics- democratic TERM 100
Race and Ethnic Identity
DEFINITION 100 African Americans- historically democrats and didn't have a high view of government institutions Latinos are becoming more influential and powerful
