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tolerance
the need for increasing levels of a drug in order to produce a constant level of effect TERM 2
dependence
DEFINITION 2 A condition in which a drug becomes incorporated into the functioning of the body's cells so that it is needed for "normal" functioning TERM 3
withdrawal
DEFINITION 3 Adverse physiological reactions exhibited when a drug- dependent person stops using that drug; the withdrawal symptoms are typically unpleasant and opposite to the drug's effects TERM 4
gamma alcoholism
DEFINITION 4 a drinking pattern characterized by loss of control TERM 5
delta alcoholism
DEFINITION 5 a drinking pattern characterized by an inability to abstain from alcohol
disulfiram
a drug that causes an adverse reaction when taken with alcohol; used to treat alcoholism; Antabuse TERM 7
sedatives
DEFINITION 7 Drugs that induce relaxation and sometimes intoxication by lowering the activity of the brain, the neorons, the muscles, the heart, and even by slowing the metabolic rate TERM 8
dopamine
DEFINITION 8 a neurotransmitter that is especially important in mediating the reward associated with taking psychoactive drugs TERM 9
When did alcohol consumption in the US
reach its peak?
DEFINITION 9 1810 TERM 10
People of which ethnic background in the US
have the highest rate of binge drinking and
heavy drinking?
DEFINITION 10 Native Americans
What type of relationship has been found
between drinking alcohol and anxiety or
tension?
No real relationship has been found, people expect to be relaxed and have tension reduced when drinking and that can effect the results. TERM 17
Know the three parts of the social learning
model of drinking: positive reinforcement,
negative reinforcement, and modeling
DEFINITION 17 Positive reinforcement: the taste of alcohol and its immediate effects may bring pleasure Negative reinforcement: drinking may allow a person to escape from an unpleasant situation Modeling: the person may learn to drink through observing others TERM 18
How do relapse rates compare for smoking,
alcohol abuse, and opiate use
DEFINITION 18 they are all high rates - 65% ish TERM 19
The effects of sedatives are similar to what
drug
DEFINITION 19 alcohol TERM 20
How does MDMA (Ecstasy) produce its
effect
DEFINITION 20 Mild hallucinogenic effects from from a massive release of the nuerotransmitter serotonin, which depletes the brain of serotonin, resulting in a deficient amount for normal functioning and possibly long-lasting problems with serotonin regulation in the brain.
How are men and women affected differently
by drinking
weight, men's brains are more strongly affected, women's stomachs tend to absorb alcohol more efficiently which produces high blood alcohol levels with less drinking, women are more vulnerable to the effects TERM 22
Do most psychologists adhere to the disease
model of alcoholism
DEFINITION 22 NO -psychiatrists and medical doctors do TERM 23
esophagus
DEFINITION 23 the tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach TERM 24
setpoint
DEFINITION 24 a hypothetical ratio of fat tp lean tissue at which a person's weight will tend to stabilize TERM 25
ghrelin
DEFINITION 25 a peptide hormone produced primarily in the stomach, the level of which rises before and falls after meals
What is reflected by the Metropolitan Life
Insurance height and weight charts
being overweight was redefined in an upward direction TERM 32
Throughout most of history, how was being
plump or fat viewed
DEFINITION 32 Considered a type of insurance and could be attractive. Couls be considered a mark of prosperity - advertised that a person could afford an ample supply of food. TERM 33
Know the results of studies of adopted
children and identical twins regarding weight
and fat distribution.
DEFINITION 33 Suggest that weight and fat distribution have strong genetic components, but no authorities claim that most human obesity is determined by a single gene. TERM 34
How is weight distribution related to elevated
risk for health problems
DEFINITION 34 people who accumulate excess weight around their abdomen are at greater risk than people who carry excess weight on their hips and thighs TERM 35
Will a single-food diet produce weight
loss?
DEFINITION 35 yes
What is the best advice for a female who is 15
pounds above her ideal weight
Exercise, reduce portions, and eat healthier TERM 37
What are the benefits and risks of losing
weight intentionally and unintentionally
DEFINITION 37 Involuntary weight loss is often associated with disease; increased risk in mortality even for those who lost weight intentionally; losing weight is also assocated with the onset of dementia, older men decreased their mortality risk if they were substantially overweight and if they intentionally lost weight, but unintentional weight loss increased their risks TERM 38
According to Hilde Bruch, what is the
motivation in young women that leads to
anorexia nervosa?
DEFINITION 38 gaining control TERM 39
How are anorexics and bulimics alike and
different
DEFINITION 39 Binge eating is common, body dissatisfaction combined with preoccupation with food, weight, and body shape - bulimics have constant hunger and binge, anorexics deny hunger and starve TERM 40
Know the backgrounds common in bulimics
DEFINITION 40 Childhood experiences with sexual abuse, physcial abuse, and posttaumatic stress correlates with it, lack of impulse control, have depression and anxiety
osteoporosis
a disease characterized by a reduction in bone density, brittleness of bones, and a loss of calcium from the bones TERM 47
What is the best advice for a middle-aged
person who wants to start an exercise pro-
gram to strengthen his heart?
DEFINITION 47 participate in aerobic exercise 3 times a week TERM 48
Know the effects of aerobic fitness
DEFINITION 48 increase the amount of oxygen that can be used during strenuous exercise, increases the amount of blood pumped with each heart beat, lowers the resting heart rate and resting blood pressure, and increases the efficiency of the cardiovascular system TERM 49
What is the best advice for someone who
wants to quit smoking, but is worried about
the weight gain?
DEFINITION 49 begin a physical activity program TERM 50
Know the results of the famous study of the
relationship between physical activity and
coronary heart disease among workers on
Londons double-deck buses. What was the
problem with the study?
DEFINITION 50 Physically active male conductors differed from the sedentary drivers in their incidence to heart disease. The problem was that the 2 groups of workers may have been selected for jobs based on the basis of body type, personality, or some other factor associated with a high or low risk of CHD.
According to research, who experiences the
greatest benefits from physical activity
people who go from sedentary lifstyle to an active one TERM 52
According to research, how does exercise
protect against heart disease
DEFINITION 52 those who are inactive and beging getting active receive it, inactivity has been shown to equal diabetees and other CVD risk factors TERM 53
Exercise is most likely to protect against
osteoporosis in which group
DEFINITION 53 postmenopausal women TERM 54
Know the results of exercise on clinically
depressed patients
DEFINITION 54 less depressed, more effective than no therapy, comparable to cognitive therapy or antidepressant medication TERM 55
Know the results of exercise on stress
DEFINITION 55 raised level of psychological well-being, higher quality of life and lower stress, can help people deal with stress (acts as a buffer)
Which group of US citizens has the longest life
expectancy
Asian Americans TERM 62
Which industrialized country ranked lowest in
dispensing health care to its citizens
DEFINITION 62 US?? TERM 63
Know the facts about the escalating costs of
the US health care system. How do they
compare to Canada, European countries, and
other industrialized countries? Have they
stabilized in the US?
DEFINITION 63 Has not stabilized, things are higher here but we get it doen faster TERM 64
Describe deaths among college
students
DEFINITION 64 injury and violence, automobile crashes, alcohol, suicide and suicide attemptes *INtentional and unintentional TERM 65
What one protective health habit is more
common among college students than other
young adults?
DEFINITION 65 stress skills?
