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Alcohol and Substance Use: Terms, Definitions, and Impact on Health, Quizzes of Health psychology

Definitions for various terms related to alcohol and substance use, including tolerance, dependence, withdrawal, different types of alcoholism, drugs like disulfiram, sedatives, dopamine, and their effects on the body. It also covers topics like the history of alcohol consumption in the us, ethnic backgrounds with highest rates of binge drinking, relationship between education, gender, and alcohol consumption, effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system, and more.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 04/14/2010

snadler
snadler 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
tolerance
DEFINITION 1
the need for increasing levels of a drug in order to produce a
constant level of effect
TERM 2
dependence
DEFINITION 2
A condition in which a drug becomes incorporated into the
functioning of the body's cells so that it is needed for
"normal" functioning
TERM 3
withdrawal
DEFINITION 3
Adverse physiological reactions exhibited when a drug-
dependent person stops using that drug; the withdrawal
symptoms are typically unpleasant and opposite to the
drug's effects
TERM 4
gamma alcoholism
DEFINITION 4
a drinking pattern characterized by loss of control
TERM 5
delta alcoholism
DEFINITION 5
a drinking pattern characterized by an inability to abstain
from alcohol
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tolerance

the need for increasing levels of a drug in order to produce a constant level of effect TERM 2

dependence

DEFINITION 2 A condition in which a drug becomes incorporated into the functioning of the body's cells so that it is needed for "normal" functioning TERM 3

withdrawal

DEFINITION 3 Adverse physiological reactions exhibited when a drug- dependent person stops using that drug; the withdrawal symptoms are typically unpleasant and opposite to the drug's effects TERM 4

gamma alcoholism

DEFINITION 4 a drinking pattern characterized by loss of control TERM 5

delta alcoholism

DEFINITION 5 a drinking pattern characterized by an inability to abstain from alcohol

disulfiram

a drug that causes an adverse reaction when taken with alcohol; used to treat alcoholism; Antabuse TERM 7

sedatives

DEFINITION 7 Drugs that induce relaxation and sometimes intoxication by lowering the activity of the brain, the neorons, the muscles, the heart, and even by slowing the metabolic rate TERM 8

dopamine

DEFINITION 8 a neurotransmitter that is especially important in mediating the reward associated with taking psychoactive drugs TERM 9

When did alcohol consumption in the US

reach its peak?

DEFINITION 9 1810 TERM 10

People of which ethnic background in the US

have the highest rate of binge drinking and

heavy drinking?

DEFINITION 10 Native Americans

What type of relationship has been found

between drinking alcohol and anxiety or

tension?

No real relationship has been found, people expect to be relaxed and have tension reduced when drinking and that can effect the results. TERM 17

Know the three parts of the social learning

model of drinking: positive reinforcement,

negative reinforcement, and modeling

DEFINITION 17 Positive reinforcement: the taste of alcohol and its immediate effects may bring pleasure Negative reinforcement: drinking may allow a person to escape from an unpleasant situation Modeling: the person may learn to drink through observing others TERM 18

How do relapse rates compare for smoking,

alcohol abuse, and opiate use

DEFINITION 18 they are all high rates - 65% ish TERM 19

The effects of sedatives are similar to what

drug

DEFINITION 19 alcohol TERM 20

How does MDMA (Ecstasy) produce its

effect

DEFINITION 20 Mild hallucinogenic effects from from a massive release of the nuerotransmitter serotonin, which depletes the brain of serotonin, resulting in a deficient amount for normal functioning and possibly long-lasting problems with serotonin regulation in the brain.

How are men and women affected differently

by drinking

weight, men's brains are more strongly affected, women's stomachs tend to absorb alcohol more efficiently which produces high blood alcohol levels with less drinking, women are more vulnerable to the effects TERM 22

Do most psychologists adhere to the disease

model of alcoholism

DEFINITION 22 NO -psychiatrists and medical doctors do TERM 23

esophagus

DEFINITION 23 the tube leading from the pharynx to the stomach TERM 24

setpoint

DEFINITION 24 a hypothetical ratio of fat tp lean tissue at which a person's weight will tend to stabilize TERM 25

ghrelin

DEFINITION 25 a peptide hormone produced primarily in the stomach, the level of which rises before and falls after meals

What is reflected by the Metropolitan Life

Insurance height and weight charts

being overweight was redefined in an upward direction TERM 32

Throughout most of history, how was being

plump or fat viewed

DEFINITION 32 Considered a type of insurance and could be attractive. Couls be considered a mark of prosperity - advertised that a person could afford an ample supply of food. TERM 33

Know the results of studies of adopted

children and identical twins regarding weight

and fat distribution.

DEFINITION 33 Suggest that weight and fat distribution have strong genetic components, but no authorities claim that most human obesity is determined by a single gene. TERM 34

How is weight distribution related to elevated

risk for health problems

DEFINITION 34 people who accumulate excess weight around their abdomen are at greater risk than people who carry excess weight on their hips and thighs TERM 35

Will a single-food diet produce weight

loss?

DEFINITION 35 yes

What is the best advice for a female who is 15

pounds above her ideal weight

Exercise, reduce portions, and eat healthier TERM 37

What are the benefits and risks of losing

weight intentionally and unintentionally

DEFINITION 37 Involuntary weight loss is often associated with disease; increased risk in mortality even for those who lost weight intentionally; losing weight is also assocated with the onset of dementia, older men decreased their mortality risk if they were substantially overweight and if they intentionally lost weight, but unintentional weight loss increased their risks TERM 38

According to Hilde Bruch, what is the

motivation in young women that leads to

anorexia nervosa?

DEFINITION 38 gaining control TERM 39

How are anorexics and bulimics alike and

different

DEFINITION 39 Binge eating is common, body dissatisfaction combined with preoccupation with food, weight, and body shape - bulimics have constant hunger and binge, anorexics deny hunger and starve TERM 40

Know the backgrounds common in bulimics

DEFINITION 40 Childhood experiences with sexual abuse, physcial abuse, and posttaumatic stress correlates with it, lack of impulse control, have depression and anxiety

osteoporosis

a disease characterized by a reduction in bone density, brittleness of bones, and a loss of calcium from the bones TERM 47

What is the best advice for a middle-aged

person who wants to start an exercise pro-

gram to strengthen his heart?

DEFINITION 47 participate in aerobic exercise 3 times a week TERM 48

Know the effects of aerobic fitness

DEFINITION 48 increase the amount of oxygen that can be used during strenuous exercise, increases the amount of blood pumped with each heart beat, lowers the resting heart rate and resting blood pressure, and increases the efficiency of the cardiovascular system TERM 49

What is the best advice for someone who

wants to quit smoking, but is worried about

the weight gain?

DEFINITION 49 begin a physical activity program TERM 50

Know the results of the famous study of the

relationship between physical activity and

coronary heart disease among workers on

Londons double-deck buses. What was the

problem with the study?

DEFINITION 50 Physically active male conductors differed from the sedentary drivers in their incidence to heart disease. The problem was that the 2 groups of workers may have been selected for jobs based on the basis of body type, personality, or some other factor associated with a high or low risk of CHD.

According to research, who experiences the

greatest benefits from physical activity

people who go from sedentary lifstyle to an active one TERM 52

According to research, how does exercise

protect against heart disease

DEFINITION 52 those who are inactive and beging getting active receive it, inactivity has been shown to equal diabetees and other CVD risk factors TERM 53

Exercise is most likely to protect against

osteoporosis in which group

DEFINITION 53 postmenopausal women TERM 54

Know the results of exercise on clinically

depressed patients

DEFINITION 54 less depressed, more effective than no therapy, comparable to cognitive therapy or antidepressant medication TERM 55

Know the results of exercise on stress

DEFINITION 55 raised level of psychological well-being, higher quality of life and lower stress, can help people deal with stress (acts as a buffer)

Which group of US citizens has the longest life

expectancy

Asian Americans TERM 62

Which industrialized country ranked lowest in

dispensing health care to its citizens

DEFINITION 62 US?? TERM 63

Know the facts about the escalating costs of

the US health care system. How do they

compare to Canada, European countries, and

other industrialized countries? Have they

stabilized in the US?

DEFINITION 63 Has not stabilized, things are higher here but we get it doen faster TERM 64

Describe deaths among college

students

DEFINITION 64 injury and violence, automobile crashes, alcohol, suicide and suicide attemptes *INtentional and unintentional TERM 65

What one protective health habit is more

common among college students than other

young adults?

DEFINITION 65 stress skills?