Download Test Bank For Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 9th Edition Copyright 2024 Richard W Brand and more Exams Business Economics in PDF only on Docsity!
Test Bank For
Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 9th Edition Copyright 2024 Richard W Brand Donald E Isselhard
and Amy Smith
Chapter 1-
Chapter 01: Oral Cavity
Brand/Isselhard: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A diastema is a space between two teeth in the same arch. When this occurs between the
maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a pronounced labial frenum.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: A
A space, or lack of contact area, between any two teeth in the same arch is called a diastema.
When a diastema occurs between the maxillary central incisors, it is often the result of a
pronounced labial frenum extending to the crest of the alveolar ridge and possibly over the
ridge. This band of firm connective tissue causes the erupting incisors to be pushed aside
resulting in a diastema, or space. Correction of a diastema usually involves surgical removal,
or cutting, of the frenal tissue between teeth.
REF: p. 3 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
2. Torus palatinus is seen on the
a. soft palate.
b. hard palate.
c. alveolar ridge.
d. oral pharynx.
ANS: B
Torus palatinus is excess bone growth and occurs in the midline of the hard palate. It may
grow to varying sizes and is generally only a problem when the construction of a maxillary
denture is necessary. In health, such bony protuberances, or excess bone growths, do not
occur on the soft palate, alveolar ridge, or oral pharynx.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 8. muscular/skeletal system. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
3. Contraction of which muscle raises the tongue upward?
a. Mylohyoid
b. Palatopharyngeal
c. Palatoglossal
d. Levator glossal
ANS: A
Contraction of the mylohyoid muscle raises the tongue. The palatopharyngeal muscle and the
palatoglossal muscle form the posterolateral borders of the oral cavity. There is not a muscle
by the name of levator glossal.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 8. muscular/skeletal system. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
4. The oral vestibule is partially bordered by the lips and cheeks. The oral cavity proper extends
posteriorly to the soft palate.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: B
The oral vestibule is the space or potential space that exists between the lips or cheeks and
teeth. In an edentulous person, the vestibule would extend between the lips or cheeks and the
alveolar ridges. The oral cavity proper is surrounded by teeth or alveolar ridges and extends
all the way back to the palatine tonsils. This includes the region from the floor of the mouth
upward to the hard and soft palates.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
5. Each of the following is true of the uvula EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
a. It is located at the most posterior portion of the hard palate.
b. It is located at the midline.
c. It is a downwardly projecting muscle.
d. It is necessary for swallowing.
ANS: D
The uvula is a downwardly projecting muscular tissue located at the midline of the most
posterior portion of the hard palate. It is NOT necessary for swallowing.
REF: p. 6 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
The incisive papilla and rugae are located on the anterior portion of the hard palate. The
greater palatine foramina are located in the posterior portions of the hard palate lingual to the
second and third maxillary molars.
REF: pp. 5- OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 8. muscular/skeletal system. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
9. The small bony growths that commonly occur on the buccal cortical plate of the maxillae and
the mandible are called
a. torus palatinus.
b. mandibular tori.
c. exostoses.
d. maxillary tuberosity.
ANS: C
Exostoses, small bony growths that occur on the buccal cortical plate on the mandible and the
maxillae, are seen in a large portion of the population. They are normally inconsequential
unless they become tender or a denture is needed. Exostoses occur more frequently on the
mandible than on the maxillae.
Torus palatinus are excess bony growths that commonly occur in the midline of the palate.
Mandibular tori are bony swellings that frequently occur on the lingual surface of the
mandible at the canine area. The maxillary tuberosity is a rounded bony protrusion in the area
of the third molar.
REF: p. 4 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 8. muscular/skeletal system. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
10. Which structure is the MOST vascular in appearance?
a. Mucogingival junction
b. Alveolar mucosa
c. Labial frenum
d. Gingiva
ANS: B
The alveolar mucosa, a thin layer of loosely attached and movable tissue, covers a highly
vascular area. The presence of blood vessels immediately under this relatively thin mucosa is
responsible for the general reddish color. By contrast, the mucogingival junction that divides
the attached gingiva from the alveolar mucosa appears more pink in color. The gingiva and
labial frenum also appear pink in color.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 7. circulatory and lymphatic systems. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
11. Although a patient presenting with painful areas throughout the oral cavity or a child
presenting with gingival bleeding in the presence of excellent oral hygiene should be
monitored carefully, referral to a dental specialist or physician is not indicated. A patient with
a red and painful tongue does warrant such a referral as does a patient with moderate plaque
on all teeth.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false, the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: D
Of the four situations presented in this two-part question, only the patient with moderate
plaque on all teeth does NOT warrant referral to a specialist. This patient should receive
appropriate oral hygiene instructions, oral debridement, and be carefully monitored with short
re-care appointments. The remaining three oral conditions described in the question describe
conditions suggestive of systemic involvement and warrant further investigation, typically
referral to a dental specialist or physician. In particular, gingival bleeding in the presence of
excellent oral hygiene is a possible early sign of leukemia.
REF: p. 8 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, A. Preliminary examination. 4. Diagnostic data TOP: BLOOM: Analyzing
12. Which structure is most closely located to the lingual frenum?
a. Sublingual caruncle
b. Sublingual salivary gland
c. Sublingual fold
d. Lingual tonsils
e. All of the above
ANS: A
The sublingual caruncle, a small elevation on each side of the base of the lingual frenum, is
the opening for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands. Of the structures provided
in the question, it is located most closely to the lingual frenum. The sublingual fold extends
posteriorly from the sublingual caruncle. The lingual tonsils are located at the base of the
tongue.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
13. The term for misplaced sebaceous glands occurring in the oral cavity is rugae. These
harmless, yellowish granular structures occur in about 60% to 80% of the population.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: C
a. taste buds.
b. a characteristic of a malignancy.
c. sebaceous glands.
d. an infectious viral illness.
ANS: C
Fordyce granules are misplaced sebaceous glands that appear as very small yellowish granular
structures on oral mucosal surfaces in the oral cavity of 60% to 80% of the population.
Sebaceous glands normally occur in the skin; when they are present in the oral cavity they are
considered misplaced, or ectopic. Although Fordyce granules may be alarming to patients,
they are harmless. They most commonly occur in the mucosa of the lips, cheeks, retromolar
pads, and gingival tissues.
REF: p. 4 OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
17. In the following illustration, structure ―a‖ is the
a. mucobuccal fold.
b. maxillary labial frenum.
c. mandibular labial frenum.
d. mucogingival junction.
ANS: B
At the midline of the upper lip, a fold of connective tissue known as the maxillary labial
frenum can be found. A corresponding structure, the mandibular labial frenum, is present at
the midline of the lower lip. The upper frenum is usually more pronounced than the lower.
Both structures, as well as additional less well-defined frena, serve to attach the lips to the
arch and contain only connective tissue. Structure ―b‖ is the mandibular labial frenum.
Structure ―c‖ is the mucogingival junction. Structure ―d‖ is the mucobuccal fold.
REF: pp. 3- OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
18. In the following illustration, structure ―b‖ is the
a. mucobuccal fold.
b. mucogingival junction.
c. maxillary labial frenum.
d. mandibular labial frenum.
ANS: D
At the midline of the lower lip, a fold of connective tissue known as the mandibular labial
frenum can be found. A mandibular frenal attachment that extends too close to the gingiva
may contribute to gingival recession. A corresponding structure, the maxillary labial frenum,
is present at the midline of the upper lip. Both structures, as well as additional less
well-defined frena, serve to attach the lips to the arch and contain only connective tissue.
Structure ―a‖ is the maxillary labial frenum. Structure ―c‖ is the mucogingival junction.
Structure ―d‖ is the mucobuccal fold.
REF: pp. 3- OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
19. In the following illustration, structure ―c‖ is the
a. mucogingival junction.
b. mandibular labial frenum.
c. maxillary labial frenum.
d. mucobuccal fold.
ANS: A
a. sublingual fold.
b. lingual frenum.
c. sublingual caruncle.
ANS: B
The lingual frenum, also called the lingual frenulum, extends from an area near the tip of the
ventral surface of the tongue to the floor of the mouth. If this frenum is attached close to the
tip of the tongue and is rather short, the tongue movement will be limited resulting in a
condition called ankyloglossia, or tongue tie. In the illustration, structure ―b‖ is the sublingual
fold; structure ―c‖ is the sublingual caruncle.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
22. In the following illustration, structure ―b‖ is the
a. sublingual fold.
b. lingual frenum.
c. sublingual caruncle.
ANS: A
The sublingual fold, a bilateral formation, extends from the sublingual caruncle and runs back
along the floor of the mouth. In the illustration structure ―a‖ is the lingual frenum; structure
―c‖ is the sublingual caruncle.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
23. In the following illustration, structure ―c‖ is the
a. sublingual fold.
b. sublingual caruncle.
c. lingual frenum.
ANS: B
The sublingual caruncle is the opening for the ducts of the submandibular and sublingual
salivary glands. It is a small elevation located at the base of each side of the lingual frenum.
Structure ―a‖ is the lingual frenum. Structure ―b‖ is the sublingual fold.
REF: p. 7 OBJ: To define the terms vestibule, oral cavity proper, mucobuccal fold, frenum, alveolar mucosa, gingiva, exostoses, torus palatinus, and torus mandibularis NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
TRUE/FALSE
1. The nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels travel through the incisive papilla.
ANS: F
The nasopalatine nerves and blood vessels travel through the incisive foramen as they
innervate and deliver nutrients to the mucous membrane lingual to the maxillary incisor teeth.
The incisive papilla, a singular bulge of tissue at the midline immediately posterior to the
central incisors, is located just above the incisive foramen. The incisive papilla is a point of
injection for anesthetizing the anterior palate between the canines.
REF: p. 5 OBJ: To define the landmarks in the floor of the mouth and the hard and soft palate and the structures that form them NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 7. circulatory and lymphatic systems. | CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 9. nervous system. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
2. Beneath the incisive papilla is an injection site called the greater palatine foramen.
ANS: F
Beneath the incisive papilla is the incisive foramen, which carries the nasopalatine nerves and
blood vessels to the mucous membrane lingual to the maxillary incisor teeth. The incisive
foramen is a point of injection for anesthetizing the anterior palate area between the canines.
The greater palatine foramen, which serves as a landmark for local anesthesia, is located on
the posterior portion of the hard palate adjacent to the maxillary second and third molars.
OBJ: To differentiate normal from abnormal anatomy in the oral cavity and to ensure a follow-up examination NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
7. The ridge of bone that can be palpated in the upper posterior aspect of the vestibular space is
referred to as the vestibular zygomaticoalveolar crest.
ANS: T
The zygomaticoalveolar crest is a ridge of bone that marks the beginning of the anterior part
of the zygomatic arch (cheek bone) and can be palpated by running the finger along the upper
posterior vestibular space.
REF: p. 2 OBJ: To describe the boundaries and sub-boundaries of the oral cavity and the structures in each area
NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 8. muscular/skeletal system. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
Chapter 02: The Tooth: Functions and Terms
Brand/Isselhard: Anatomy of Orofacial Structures, 9th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The sensation of pain is felt in which part of the tooth?
a. Enamel
b. Dentin
c. Cementum
d. Pulp
ANS: D
The dental pulp is the sensory and nourishing portion of the tooth. It is composed of blood
vessels, lymph vessels, connective tissue, and nerve cells. The pulp also contains special
dentin-reparative/formative cells called odontoblasts. Sensation of pain is not felt in enamel,
cementum, or dentin.
REF: pp. 15-17 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
2. Each of the following terms refers to an ―in-between‖ surface EXCEPT one. Which one is the
EXCEPTION?
a. Facial
b. Mesial
c. Distal
d. Proximal
ANS: A
Proximal, mesial, and distal are terms that describe surfaces of teeth that face a neighboring
tooth; they also can be thought of as ―in-between‖ surfaces. Proximal is the more general term
for this type of surface. More specifically, a mesial surface is the proximal surface of a tooth
closest to the midline; distal describes the proximal surface farthest from the midline. Facial
surfaces are NOT proximal surfaces. Facial surfaces are more specifically known as labial
(lip) surfaces on anterior teeth or buccal surfaces on posterior teeth.
REF: p. 19 OBJ: To define the terminology used in naming the landmarks of teeth NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. | CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 4. tooth surfaces. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
3. Which of the following is an example of a line angle?
a. Mesiolabioincisal
b. Buccolingual
c. Mesiodistal
d. Labioincisal
e. Inciso-occlusal
ANS: D
6. The function of both incisors and premolars is to cut food. The function of molars is to cut,
grind, and chew food.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: D
Both statements contain incorrect information. While it is true that the function of incisors is
to tear food, premolars are more like molars; their pointed buccal cusps hold food while the
lingual cusps grind it. Regarding the second statement, the function of molars is to grind and
chew food; tearing or incising is NOT a molar function.
REF: pp. 17- OBJ: To understand the individual functions and therefore the individual differences that exist among incisors, canines, premolars, and molars NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. | CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 3. tooth functions. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
7. The CEJ is where enamel meets the __________.
a. dentin
b. junction
c. cementum
d. cervical third
ANS: C
Enamel and cementum meet at the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The demarcating line is
called the cervical line, formed by the junction of the cementum of the root and enamel of the
crown.
REF: pp. 11-12 OBJ: To differentiate between clinical and anatomic crowns and roots NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
8. The dental tissue that most resembles bone is
a. cementum
b. dentin
c. enamel
d. none of the above
ANS: A
Cementum, a bonelike substance, contains 45% to 50% inorganic and 50% to 55% organic
matter. Not as dense or as hard as enamel or dentin, cementum is more dense than bone and
physiologically resembles bone. Cementum covers the root and provides a medium for the
attachment of the tooth to the alveolar bone.
REF: p. 16 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
9. How many surfaces does a posterior tooth have?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6
ANS: D
Posterior teeth have five surfaces whereas anterior teeth have four surfaces and a ridge.
Posterior surfaces are mesial, distal, buccal, lingual, and occlusal. Anterior tooth surfaces are
mesial, distal, facial, lingual, and a biting surface is called an incisal ridge. Experts are in
disagreement as to whether the incisal ridge of anterior teeth qualifies as a fifth surface.
REF: p. 19 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. | CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 4. tooth surfaces. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
10. None of the following tissues have the ability to regenerate EXCEPT one. Which one is the
EXCEPTION?
a. Enamel
b. Dentin
c. Pulp
d. Periodontal ligament
ANS: B
Dentin has the unique ability to regenerate, or stated differently, to add to itself. The resultant
material, called secondary dentin, is formed throughout the pulp chamber after tooth eruption.
Over time, secondary dentin can completely fill the pulp chamber and become problematic. A
specific type of secondary dentin called reparative dentin is laid down in response to dental
caries or trauma. Please note that while not a selection in this question, cellular cementum,
which is confined to the apical third of the root, can reproduce to compensate for attrition of
more coronal aspects of a tooth.
REF: p. 14 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
11. Pulp canals
a. are located in the crown portion.
b. have hornlike projections.
c. occupy the root portion.
d. occupy both the crown and root portion.
ANS: C
Anatomically the pulp is divided into two areas: the pulp chamber and the pulp canals. The
pulp canals, also called root canals, are located within the roots of the tooth. The pulp
chamber is located within the coronal portion of the tooth. Together the pulp chamber and
pulp canals are referred to as the pulp cavity. Hornlike projections, appropriately called the
pulp horns, are located at the most coronal aspect of the pulp cavity.
REF: p. 17 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth
c. Maxillary first molar
d. Mandibular second molar
ANS: C
Incisors, canines, and most premolars are developed from four lobes—three facial and one
lingual. Second molars are developed from four lobes—two facial and two lingual. First
molars develop from five lobes.
REF: p. 21 OBJ: To recognize how the functions of teeth determine their shape and size NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
15. In a partially erupted tooth, the visible portion is called the clinical crown. The anatomic
crown is not yet fully formed.
a. Both statements are true.
b. The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
c. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
d. Both statements are false.
ANS: B
The clinical crown is the portion of the tooth that is actually visible in the mouth. In a partially
erupted tooth only the visible portion, i.e., the portion coronal to the marginal gingiva,
comprises the clinical crown. Conversely, in areas of gingival recession the entire portion of
the tooth that is visible, i.e., coronal to the marginal gingiva, comprises the clinical crown. In
cases of recession the visible portion of the root as well as the entire crown comprise the
clinical crown. The second statement is false because in partially erupted teeth the crown is
fully formed.
REF: p. 11 OBJ: To differentiate between clinical and anatomic crowns and roots NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
16. Which dental tissue is composed of 70% inorganic and 30% organic matter?
a. Dentin
b. Enamel
c. Cementum
d. Bone
ANS: A
The chemical composition of dentin is 70% inorganic and 30% organic matter and water.
Dentin is softer than enamel but harder than cementum or bone. Dentin, the tissue forming the
greatest bulk of the tooth, is yellow in color and elastic in nature. It is wrapped in an envelope
of enamel covering the crown and an envelope of cementum covering the tooth.
REF: p. 14 OBJ: To identify the different tissues that compose teeth NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
17. Which structure separates primary parts of a crown or root?
a. Marginal ridge
b. Developmental groove
c. Developmental pit
d. Transverse ridge
e. B and C
ANS: B
Shallow grooves or lines that separate primary parts of the crown or root are called
developmental grooves. Marginal ridges are rounded borders of enamel that form mesial and
distal shoulders of occlusal and incisal surfaces. Developmental pits are pinpoint holes evident
within a fossa or anywhere on a tooth that are not associated with a disease process. A
transverse ridge is the union of two triangular ridges, a buccal and a lingual, that cross the
occlusal surface of a posterior tooth.
REF: p. 21 | pp. 25- OBJ: To differentiate between clinical and anatomic crowns and roots NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
18. In the illustration below, structure ―a‖ represents the__________.
a. distal marginal ridge
b. mesial marginal ridge
c. lingual fossa
d. lingual groove
ANS: C
Structure ―a‖ in the illustration is the lingual fossa. A fossa is a depression, concavity, or an
area on the tooth that is indented. Fossae are named for their location; the fossa represented in
the question is a lingual fossa. Structures b, c, and d are the mesial marginal ridge, the lingual
groove, and the distal marginal ridge, respectively.
REF: p. 21 | p. 23 OBJ: To name and identify the location of the various tooth surfaces NAT: CDA: GC I. Evaluation, B. Head, neck and oral cavity, including but not limited to: 1. tooth anatomy and morphology. TOP: BLOOM: Remembering
19. In the illustration below, structure ―b‖ is the __________.
