Download Test Bank Microbiology Healthcare Professional 2nd Edition Vanmeter Hubert Questions & and more Exercises Health Physics in PDF only on Docsity!
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AbsorptionANSWERDrug transfer from entry site to circulation. Absorption rateANSWERSpeed at which a drug enters the bloodstream. A benign tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine is called: A) pheochromocytoma. B) Cushing's syndrome. C) Graves' disease. D) Addison's disease.ANSWERA A type of diabetes that may develop during pregnancy and disappear after delivery is called: A) temporary maternal diabetes. B) fetal diabetes. C) acute developmental diabetes. D) gestational diabetes.ANSWERD All these tissues use glucose without the aid of insulin EXCEPT: A) liver. B) digestive system. C) exercising skeletal muscle. D) brain.ANSWERA Blood glucose levels are increased by:
- glucocorticoids.
- glucagon.
- epinephrine.
- norepinephrine.
- parathyroid hormone (PTH) A) 1, 2
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B) 1, 2, 3
C) 2, 4, 5
D) 1, 3, 4, 5ANSWERB
Catabolic effects of Cushing's syndrome include: A) osteoporosis. B) hypertension. C) increased erythrocyte production. D) moon face and buffalo hump.ANSWERA Characteristics of Cushing's syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT: A) Heavy body and round face B) Atrophied skeletal muscle in the limbs C) Staring eyes with infrequent blinking D) Atrophy of the lymph nodesANSWERC Choose the statement that applies to type 1 diabetes mellitus. A) Onset often occurs during childhood. B) Relative insufficiency of insulin or insulin resistance develops. C) It can be treated by diet, weight control and exercise, or oral hypoglycemics. D) Complications rarely occur.ANSWERA Compensation mechanisms occurring in the early stage of diabetic ketoacidosis include: A) Kussmaul's respirations. B) polydipsia. C) ketonuria. D) seizures.ANSWERA
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D) Type 1 diabetes occurs more frequently in children and adolescents, and type 2 diabetes occurs more often in adults.ANSWERD Dwarfism is caused by: A) excessive levels of somatotropin (GH). B) a deficit of somatotropin (GH). C) excessive levels of insulin. D) excessive levels of parathyroid hormone.ANSWERB Early signs of hyperglycemia include polyphagia, which means: A) thirst. B) increased urine output. C) hunger. D) glucose in the urine.ANSWERC Goiters may be caused by: A) hypothyroid conditions only. B) either hypothyroid or hyperthyroid conditions. C) hyperthyroid conditions only. D) fungal infections such as candidiasis.ANSWERB Goiters occur more frequently in persons living in the: A) Great Lakes or mountainous regions. B) southwest United States. C) temperate regions. D) areas bordering the oceans.ANSWERA Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic coma (HHNC) more frequently develops in patients with: A) type 1 diabetes.
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B) type 2 diabetes. C) Grave's disease. D) hyperparathyroidism.ANSWERB Metabolic syndrome is marked by: A) abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism. B) periodic hypotension. C) deficit of glucagon. D) early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus.ANSWERA Polydipsia occurs with diabetes mellitus when: A) lack of insulin causes hunger. B) ketone levels rise in the blood. C) polyuria causes dehydration. D) glucosuria causes ketoacidosis.ANSWERC Severe impairment of all aspects of growth and development, including difficulty feeding, mental retardation, and stunted skeletal growth, are associated with: A) myxedema. B) Cushing's syndrome. C) diabetes insipidus. D) cretinism. E) Graves' disease.ANSWERD The anterior pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones EXCEPT: A) prolactin (PRL). B) glucagon. C) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). D) growth hormone (GH).ANSWERB
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A) Excess insulin in the body B) Loss of glucose in the urine C) Failure of the kidney to excrete sufficient acids D) Increased catabolism of fats and proteinsANSWERD What is the most common cause of endocrine disorders? A) Malignant neoplasm B) Infection C) Congenital defect D) Benign tumorANSWERD What is the most common cause of type 1 diabetes mellitus? A) Increased glucose production in the liver B) Destruction of pancreatic cells by an autoimmune reaction C) Increased resistance of body cells to insulin action D) Chronic obesityANSWERB What is/are the effect(s) of thyrotoxic crisis? A) Hyperthermia and heart failure B) Hypotension and hypoglycemia C) Toxic goiter and hypometabolism D) Decreased stress responseANSWERA What kind of control mechanism is indicated when increased blood glucose levels stimulate increased secretion of insulin? A) Control by releasing hormones B) Control by tropic hormones C) Negative feedback control D) Hypothalamus/hypophysis coordinationANSWERC Which of the following applies to acromegaly?
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A) It occurs in infants and children. B) It causes excessive longitudinal bone growth. C) It results from excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH). D) It does not change soft tissue growth.ANSWERC Which of the following applies to diabetic macro-angiography?
- It affects the small arteries and arterioles.
- It is related to elevated serum lipids.
- It leads to increased risk of myocardial infarction and peripheral vascular disease.
- It frequently causes damage to the kidneys. A) 1, 3 B) 1, 4 C) 2, 3 D) 2, 4ANSWERC Which of the following applies to oxytocin?
- It stimulates contraction of the uterus after delivery.
- It stimulates ejection of breast milk during lactation.
- It stimulates mammary gland production of milk.
- It is released from the adenohypophysis. A) 1, 2 B) 1, 4 C) 1, 3, 4 D) 1, 2, 3, 4ANSWERA Which of the following are common early signs of a pituitary adenoma?
- Persistent headaches
- Hemianopia
- Hypertension
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B) Cushing's disease C) Addison's disease D) Growth hormone deficitANSWERB Which of the following does NOT apply to inappropriate ADH syndrome? A) The cause is excess ADH secretion. B) Severe hyponatremia results. C) Excessive sodium is retained. D) Fluid retention increases.ANSWERC Which of the following does NOT usually develop as a complication of diabetes? A) Osteoporosis B) Nephropathy C) Impotence D) Peripheral neuropathyANSWERA Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes Addison's disease? A) Increased glucocorticoids B) Decreased glucocorticoids C) Deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) Deficit of T3 and T4ANSWERB Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes diabetes insipidus? A) Increased insulin B) Decreased glucocorticoids C) Deficit of ADH D) Deficit of T3 and T4ANSWERC
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Which of the following hormonal imbalances causes myxedema? A) Increased glucocorticoids B) Decreased glucocorticoids C) Deficit of ADH D) Deficit of T3 and T4ANSWERD Which of the following hormones is involved in both the stress response and the anti-inflammatory response? A) Aldosterone B) Norepinephrine C) Thyroxine D) CortisolANSWERD Which of the following indicates hypoglycemia in a diabetic? A) Deep, rapid respirations B) Flushed dry skin and mucosa C) Thirst and oliguria D) Staggering gait, disorientation, and confusionANSWERD Which of the following is a major function of the hormone norepinephrine? A) Inhibition of an excessive stress response B) Visceral and cutaneous vasoconstriction C) Increased force of heart contraction D) Vasodilation in skeletal muscleANSWERB Which of the following is an effect of Addison's disease? A) Elevated blood glucose levels B) High blood pressure C) Low serum potassium levels
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Which of the following may cause insulin shock to develop? A) Strenuous exercise B) Missing an insulin dose C) Eating excessively large meals D) Sedentary lifestyleANSWERA Which of the following may occur with a pituitary adenoma? A) Low blood pressure and bradycardia B) Headache and seizures C) Vomiting and diarrhea D) Loss of vision in one eyeANSWERB Which of the following often causes hyperparathyroidism? A) A malignant tumor in the parathyroid glands B) End-stage renal failure C) Osteoporosis D) Radiation involving the thyroid gland and neck areaANSWERD Which of the following results from a deficit of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? A) Inappropriate ADH syndrome B) Gigantism C) Diabetes insipidus D) MyxedemaANSWERC Which one of the following develops hypoglycemia more frequently? A) Type 1 diabetic patients B) Type 2 diabetic patients C) Patients with a poor stress response D) Patients with a regular exercise and meal planANSWERA
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Which signs are typical of Graves' disease? A) Facial puffiness, bradycardia, and lethargy B) Exophthalmos and tachycardia C) delayed physical and intellectual development D) Goiter and decreased basal metabolic rate (BMR)ANSWERB Why does glucosuria occur in diabetics? A) Excess ketoacids displace glucose into the filtrate. B) Excess water in the filtrate draws more glucose into the urine. C) The amount of glucose in the filtrate exceeds the renal tubule transport limit. D) Sufficient insulin is not available for glucose reabsorption.ANSWERC Why does hypocalcemia cause tetany? A) Skeletal muscle contractions are weaker. B) Nerves to skeletal muscle are more excitable. C) Calcium is not stored in skeletal muscle cells. D) Serum phosphate levels are low.ANSWERB Why does polyuria develop with diabetes mellitus? A) Increased thirst and hypoglycemia B) Ketoacidosis C) Osmotic pressure due to glucose D) Diabetic nephropathyANSWERC Why is amputation frequently a necessity in diabetics? A) Necrosis and gangrene in the feet and legs B) Lack of glucose to the cells in the feet and legs C) Severe dehydration in the tissues
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Affective DomainANSWERLearning related to emotions and attitudes. Age-appropriate learningANSWERTailoring education to developmental stages. AHFS Drug InformationANSWERMonographs for nearly all single-entity drugs. Alcohol consumption in pregnancyANSWERShould be completely avoided before and during pregnancy. Alcohol intake during pregnancyANSWERShould be eliminated for fetal safety. Allergic ReactionANSWERHypersensitivity response; may cause hives or urticaria. Allergic reactionsANSWERImmune responses to certain medications. AmphetaminesANSWERStimulants classified as Schedule II drugs. Anaphylactic reactionANSWERSevere allergic response requiring immediate intervention. AntibioticsANSWERMedications commonly causing allergic reactions in children.
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Aspirin administrationANSWERUse of aspirin during viral illness in children. AssessmentANSWERCollecting baseline data for patient evaluation. AssessmentANSWEREvaluation of patient needs and understanding. AssessmentANSWERGathering patient data to inform care decisions. Assessment in NursingANSWEREvaluating patient needs and conditions. Assessment PhaseANSWERInitial data collection in the Nursing Process. Assessment PhaseANSWERInitial evaluation of patient needs and conditions. Assessment phaseANSWERInitial step in Nursing Process for data collection. Assessment PhaseANSWERInitial step in Nursing Process to gather patient data. Assessment PhaseANSWERInitial step to gather patient information.
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Brand NameANSWERMarket name given to a drug by manufacturers. Brand NameANSWERName given by the drug manufacturer. Brand namesANSWEREasier to pronounce, spell, and remember than generics. Breastfeeding TimingANSWERMedications should be taken after breastfeeding. CarcinogenicityANSWERAbility of a drug to cause cancerous mutations. CarcinogensANSWERSubstances that can cause cancer. Care CoordinationANSWEROrganizing patient care activities among healthcare providers. Care CoordinationANSWEROrganizing patient care activities among multiple providers. Care CoordinationANSWEROrganizing patient care activities among providers. Care CoordinationANSWEROrganizing patient care among multiple providers. Chemical drug nameANSWERMost meaningful to healthcare professionals, not patients.
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Chemical NameANSWERScientific name describing drug's chemical structure. Chronic smokersANSWERMetabolize drugs faster than nonsmokers. Clinical JudgmentANSWERAssessment of patient needs and medication safety. Clinical judgmentANSWERCritical for safe medication administration and patient care. Clinical JudgmentANSWERDecision-making based on clinical data. Clinical JudgmentANSWERDecision-making based on patient assessment and data. Clinical JudgmentANSWERDecision-making based on patient assessment and needs. Clinical JudgmentANSWERDecision-making based on patient assessment data. Clinical judgmentANSWERDecision-making based on patient assessment. Clinical judgmentANSWEREssential for safe medication administration.
