The Blood Haemopoietic System, Summaries of Physiology

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HAEMOPOIETIC SYSTEM

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Department of Pharmacology

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Vels Institute of Science Technology & Advanced

Studies(VISTAS)

S.Nithya. M.Pharm (Ph.D)

Definition •

Blood is a body fluid in humans and otheranimals that delivers necessary substancessuch as nutrients and oxygen to the cells andtransports metabolic waste products awayfrom those same cells.

The coloring matter of blood (hemochrome)is largely due to the protein in the bloodresponsible for oxygen transport

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It is composed of blood cells suspendedin blood plasma. Plasma, which constitutes55% of blood fluid, is mostly water (92% byvolume), and containsdissipated proteins, glucose,mineral ions, hormones, carbon dioxide(plasma being the main medium for excretoryproduct transportation), and blood cellsthemselves

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Components of blood

Composition of blood. The blood is composed of cells, cell fragments andanaqueous solution (plasma). Blood makesup about 8% of the human body weight. Itcontains erythrocytes,leucocytes, thrombocytes (platelets) andplasma

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Plasma •

About 55% of blood is plasma, The bloodplasma volume is of 2.7–3.0 liters.

A liquid called plasma makes up about halfof the content of blood.

Plasma contains proteins that help blood toclot, transport substances through the blood,and perform other functions.

Blood plasma also contains glucose andother dissolved nutrients.

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Blood cells are produced in bone marrow:

Red cells, white cells and platelets are madein the marrow of bones, especially thevertebrae, ribs, hips, skull and sternum.

These essential blood cells fight infection, carry oxygen and help control bleeding.

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Red blood cells

Red blood cells are disc-shaped cellscontaining hemoglobin, which enables thecells to pick up and deliver oxygen to allparts of the body, then pick up carbondioxide and remove it from tissues.

Normal count-4.7 to 6.1 million (male)

4.2 to 5.4 million (female)

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• White Blood cells White cells are the body's primary defenseagainst infection.They can move out of the blood stream andreach tissues to fight infectionNormal count- 4,000–11,

PlateletsPlatelets

, also called

thrombocytes

(throm-

• -cyte, "blood clot cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along withthe coagulation factors) is to stop bleeding byclumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.Platelets have no cell nucleus.Normal count-

Platelet cells

Clotting timeClotting time

is the

time

required for a sample of

blood to coagulate in vitro under standardconditions. There are various methods fordetermining the

clotting time

, the most common

being the capillary tube method.

Formation of clot