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The Brain is a complex organ composed of various substances., Lecture notes of Life Sciences

Reconstructionist Rabbinical College (RRC)Life Sciences

Brain works by sending and receiving chemical and electrical signals throughout the body.

Typology: Lecture notes

2019/2020

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The Human Brain and It’s Functions
What is the brain?
• The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory,
emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature,
hunger and every process that regulates our body. The human
brain is a complex organ composed of various substances.
There are 6 various substances for the human brain.
• Neurons
• Glial Cells
• White Matter
• Grey Matter
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Blood Vessels
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Download The Brain is a complex organ composed of various substances. and more Lecture notes Life Sciences in PDF only on Docsity!

The Human Brain and It’s Functions

What is the brain?

  • The brain is a complex organ that controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body. The human brain is a complex organ composed of various substances.

There are 6 various substances for the human brain.

  • Neurons
  • Glial Cells
  • White Matter
  • Grey Matter
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid

• Blood Vessels

Gray Matter

  • It refers to the darker, outer portion. It is composed mainly of neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and unmyelinated axons, grey matter processes information in the brain.

White matter

  • It describes the lighter, inner section underneath. The white matter is on the outside. It consists of myelinated axons, which are extensions of neurons that transmit signals over long distances within the brain.

Glial cells

  • These cells support and protect the neurons. They are essential for maintaining the health and function of the nervous system.

Cerebrospinal Fluid

  • A clear fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and nutrient transport.

Blood Vessels

make you feel pain. Some messages are kept within the brain, while others are relayed through the spine and across the body’s vast network of nerves to distant extremities.

3 Main parts of the brain and their functions.

 Cerebrum  Cerebellum  Brainstem

Cerebrum

  • The largest part of the brain, responsible for initiating and coordinating movement and regulating temperature. It also enables speech, judgment, thinking, problem-solving, emotions, and learning as well as processing sensory information like vision, hearing and touch.

Cerebellum

  • Maintains balance, posture, coordination and fine motor skills. This part of the brain is located at the back of the head and above the brainstem. Its function is to coordinate voluntary

muscle movements. New studies are exploring the cerebellum's roles in thought, emotions and social behavior as well as its possible involvement in addiction, autism and schizophrenia.

Brainstem

  • It connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord. The function of this brain regulates many automatic body functions such as heart rate, breathing, sleep cycles and swallowing.

The brainstem also includes the midbrain, the pons

and the medulla.

Midbrain

  • It contains the substantia nigra, an area affected by Parkinson's disease that is rich in dopamine neurons. The midbrain is a very complex structure with a range of different neuron clusters (nuclei and colliculi), neural pathways and other structures. These features facilitate various functions, from hearing and movement to calculating responses and environmental changes.

Pons