Cell
The cell is the smallest unit of life that can divide, multiply,
grow and respond to stimuli from the environment.
The cell structure is colloidal. The vital signs called life,
manifest itself in this colloidal environment called
protoplasm.
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Cell Biology: Structure, Function, and Division of Cells, Study notes of Cell Biology
An overview of cell biology, focusing on the structure of cells, their functions, and the processes of cell division. Topics include the role of the cell membrane, organelles, and the nucleus, as well as the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. The document also covers the various types of cell divisions, including mitosis, meiosis, and endomitosis.
What you will learn
- What are the different types of organelles found in cells?
- What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
- How does the process of mitosis result in the formation of two identical daughter cells?
- What are the different types of cell divisions?
- What is the role of the cell membrane in cells?
Typology: Study notes
2021/2022
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Cell
The cell is the smallest unit of life that can divide, multiply, grow and respond to stimuli from the environment. The cell structure is colloidal. The vital signs called life, manifest itself in this colloidal environment called protoplasm.
Cell types
Almost all cells, except primitive cells such as bacteria and viruses, are composed of two parts: cytoplasm and nucleus. Cells that contain genetic material in the core structure are called eukaryotic cells. Cells that contain the genetic material (since they do not contain nuclei) in the cytoplasm in free form are called prokaryotic cells.
The cell surface may be altered for certain purposes. To carry out substance exchange (Microvilli, Endocytosis, Exocytosis) To give movement to the cell (False feet, Shaky feathers, Whips) To make the cells connect to each other (Zonula occludens, Z. adherens, Macular adherence, hemidezmezom, gap junctions, lateral extensions)
Cells contain a very important organelle in addition to the organelles in the cytoplasm, which is the nucleus harboring genetic material. All animal cells, except some highly differentiated cells, such as mammalian red blood cells, are nucleated. The reason for the cell's importance in life is the carrier of genes that determine hereditary properties.
Meiosis is seen in sexual organs (ovarium, testis) of animals and plants that multiply by sexual reproduction. Meiosis division consists of two mitotic divisions which are repeated in succession. Meiosis division lasts longer. During meiosis, the gene exchange between the homologous chromosomes is formed and as a result of the divisions, four haploid cells are formed.
Histology Technique
The preparation methods that enable to be examined the structural properties of cells and tissues under a microscope are called histology technique. The basic steps of the histology technique are as follows: ✓ receiving the material, ✓ detection and washing, ✓ dehydration, ✓ polishing, ✓ impregnation, ✓ embedding or blocking, ✓ sectioning (5-7μ), ✓ painting, ✓ closing
It is widely used Haematoxilen-Eosin technique. Haematoxylene acts as acidic dyes. It stains the cell nucleus and RNA-rich portions of the cytoplasm to blue. Eosin stains the cytoplasm to red and the collagen strands to pink. Masson's Trichrome, Orcein's elastic dye, Silver, PAS, Wright and Giemsa are used in routine histological examinations.
In addition to routine histological staining, methods such as histochemistry and immunohistochemistry are also used in light microscopy. In this case, the differences may be required in detection and subsequent process. This is due to the inactivation of certain substances and enzymes in tissues in the detection and subsequent process.