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P R E V I E W
Read the quotation and answer the questions that follow.
If men were angels, no government would be necessary. —James Madison
- In your own words, what is Madison saying?
- According to Madison, why are governments necessary?
- Do you agree with Madison? Why or why not?
Key Content Terms As you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers.
R E A D I N G N O T E S
popular sovereignty legislative branch executive branch judicial branch
judicial review checks and balances interstate commerce federalism
majority rule interest group
How has the Constitution created “a more perfect Union”?
The Constitution:
A More Perfect Union
Section 2
Read the Preamble to the Constitution below. In your own words, briefly explain what the framers meant by each phrase listed in the chart. An example is done for you.
We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
“We the People”
“form a more perfect Union”
“establish Justice”
“insure domestic Tranquility”
“provide for the common defence”
“promote the general Welfare”
“secure the Blessings of Liberty”
The Constitution bases its authority on the people.
Section 6
- Why did the framers develop a system of checks and balances?
- Complete the diagram by writing each of the following checks and balances in the correct arrow.
- Congress can impeach the president.
- President calls special sessions of Congress.
- Supreme Court can declare executive actions unconstitutional.
- President nominates Supreme Court justices.
- Congress can override vetoes.
- Congress can impeach federal judges.
Congress approves Supreme Court justices.
- President can veto bills.
- Supreme Court rejects laws.
- (^) President appoints federal judges.
Executive Branch
Legislative Branch (^) Judicial Branch
Section 7
- Why did the framers make it possible to change the Constitution but difficult to do so?
- Create a simple flowchart showing one way that a constitutional amendment can be proposed and ratified.
Section 8
- Why did the framers establish a federal system of government for the United States?
- What power does the commerce clause give the national government?
- What advantages were there to having the states share a common market?
R E A D I N G F U R T H E R
Preparing to Write: Analyzing a Primary Source Letter
Abigail Adams supported women’s rights by words and example. She showed the world that women could be educated, manage a farm, run the home of a president, and more.
In a letter to her husband, John Adams, on March 31, 1776, she urged him to “remember the ladies.” Later, on May 7, she wrote,
I cannot say that I think you are very generous to the ladies; for, whilst you are proclaiming peace and good-will to men, emancipating [freeing] all nations, you insist upon retaining an absolute power over wives. But you must remember that... notwithstanding all your wise laws and maxims [sayings], we have it in our power, not only to free ourselves, but to sub- due our masters, and without violence, throw both your natural and legal author- ity at our feet.
What did Abigail Adams caution her husband against doing?
What did Adams say women had the power to do?
Writing a Letter to the Editor
Suppose you were a woman or a man living in the late 1700s. You agree with Abigail Adams, and you want to promote women’s rights. Write a strong letter to the editor of a local newspaper. Try to persuade people to adopt your views.
In your letter, be sure to state a well-defined thesis. (This is your position statement, a clear and knowledgeable proposal.) Support your thesis with detailed examples and sound reasoning. Use correct letter format, spelling, and grammar.
Use this rubric to evaluate your letter. Make changes in your letter if you need to.
Score Description 3 The letter has a strong thesis and supporting details. It is written in correct letter format. There are no spelling or grammar errors. 2 The letter has a thesis and some supporting details. It is written in letter format. There are few spelling or grammar errors. 1 The letter does not have a thesis or supporting details. It is not written in letter format. There are many spelling or grammar errors.
