The Cultural Environment: Chapter 5 Exam Study Guide, Exams of Introduction to Cultural Anthropology

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TRUE/FALSE

1. Research studies find that culture is not learned; rather it is inherited.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

2. Verbal and non-verbal communication are the two primary types of language.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. The primary reason why language mistakes occur in global business is that organizations tend to use backward translation.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 119 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

4. In Kuwait, weekends are Monday and Tuesday, not Saturday and Sunday as they are in most Western nations.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

5. In Arab countries, business executives will often digress from the primary purpose of the meeting, then eventually return to the topic initially discussed.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 121 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

6. Mexican negotiators will frequently engage in long periods of silence, or may have peripheral discussions among one another while ignoring foreign business people in the room.

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7. The level of education must be such that high-tech products can be accepted because the market knows how to use them.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

8. Inwa means that groups at the top of the social pyramid exert a great deal of control over others at lower levels of the pyramid.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

9. Power distance examines the extent to which societies tolerate risk or are risk averse.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

10. Hofstede’s masculine vs. feminine dimension is the extent to which a society values traditionally masculine attributes (assertiveness, competition) or traditionally feminine ones (modesty, caring for others).

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

11. According to the GLOBE Project, the lowest level of instituional collectivism existed for the Anglo group.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 124 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Evaluation

12. The U.S. Department of Commerce Country Commercial Guide provides cultural information for 133 countries.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 127 OBJ: LO: 05-04 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

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13. When doing business in Russia, it is not appropriate to look directly into the eyes of your Russian hosts.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging

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ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

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3. Mexican business executives who buy business-to-business products from U.S. suppliers indicate that “knowledge of the mexican culture” and “enthusiasm” were the most important cutural variables determining from which supplier they purchased. this example of which of the four charecteristics of culture which is important for global companies to recognize? a. Culture is larned, not inherited. b. It is nearly impossible to change an entire county’s culture. c. It is the responsibility of the global firm to ascertain the level of importance of various aspects of culture in the foreign markets it serves. d. Companies’ operations, chiefly marketing and management, need to recognize and adjust to the cultural environment existing in the countries the global company serves. e. Culture is inherited, not learned.

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Application

4. communication refers to tone of voice, gestures, eye contact, body positions, facial grimaces, and other body language that accompanies verbal communication. a. Verbal b. Nonverbal c. Informal d. Formal e. Backward

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Communication STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

5. In translation, a message is translated from English to another language, then someone skilled in that foreign language translates it back into English; this second translation can then be compared to the original English version. a. vertical b. horizontal c. forward d. backward e. diagonal

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 119 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Communication STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

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Hanukkah. d. In Kuwait, weekends are Saturday and Sunday. e. Jews and Muslims are prohibited from eating pork.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

7. refers to the way a society does things. a. Values b. Attitudes c. Manners and customs d. Stances e. Outlooks

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

8. In some countries, a high premium is placed upon foreigners and foreign items, as they are associated with sophistication – French wines, for example, or Swedish automobiles. In other countries, there is subtle resistance to foreign items. This is an example of a cultural. a. value b. attitude c. manners and custom d. stance e. outlook

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Application

9. In Country A, proposed change is viewed with suspicion – especially if it is suggested by foreigners. This is an example of a cultural. a. value b. attitude c. manners and customs d. stance e. outlook

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity

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STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Application

10. In Arab countries, business executives will often digress from the primary purpose of the meeting, then eventually return to the topic initially discussed. This is an example of a cultural. a. value

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ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Application

14. refers to the way people in a society relate to one another within group settings. a. Material culture

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b. Aesthetics c. Social institution d. Stratification e. Intangible culture

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Group Dynamics KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

15. The extent to which groups at the top of the social pyramid exert control over others at the lower levers of the pyramid is referred to as. a. material culture b. aesthetics c. a social institution d. social stratification e. intangible culture

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Group Dynamics KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

16. Of the following, which is NOT a cultural level identified by Hofstede? a. Individualism vs. collectivism b. Power distance c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

17. Of the following, which dimension identified by Hofstede refers to the extent to which societies tolerate risk or are risk averse? a. Individualism vs. collectivism b. Power distance c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity

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c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05 - 03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

19. Of the following, which is NOT true regarding Hofstede’s cultural dimensions? a. Japan and Mexico are highly collectivistic. b. Australia and the United States are high power distance countries. c. Japan, Greece, and Belgium have been described as highly masculine cultures. d. Finland and Sweden are less tolerant of risk than Portugal and Brazil. e. China and Japan have much longer time horizons than do most Western nations.

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05 - 03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

20. Which of the following is NOT one of the nine cultural variables researched by the GLOBE Project? a. Power distance b. Uncertainty avoidance c. Humane orientation d. Performance orientation e. Emotionality

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 125 OBJ: LO: 05 - 03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Evaluation

21. According to the GLOBE Project research, _ was ranked first on power distance. a. Germanic Europe b. Southern Asia c. Eastern Europe d. the Arabic group e. Latin Europe

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 124 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

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22. According to the GLOBE Project research, _ has emerged as the group that was the most in favor of uncertainty avoidance. a. Germanic Europe b. Southern Asia c. Eastern Europe d. the Arabic group

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a. The number 1 is good, whereas the number 4 signifies death. b. Avoid sitting so that the sole of one’s shoe is shown. c. Younger brothers and sisters are not allowed to use the names of their older siblings. d. “We” is more important than “I.” e. Children are not supposed to say their parents’ names, even when used with a title.

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ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

27. refers to a Chinese philosophy examining the relationship between subordinates and supervisors. It denotes friendship among unequals involving unlimited exchanges of favors. a. Guanxi b. Inwa c. Yangban d. Stratification e. Aesthetics

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

28. In , teachers are so revered that walking in their shadows is viewed as impolite. a. Latin America b. Korea c. Russia d. Arab countries e. India

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

29. refers to a Korean philosophy stressing harmony among unequals, loyalty to parents and authority figures, and superiors being responsible for the well-being of subordinates. a. Guanxi b. Inwa c. Yangban d. Stratification e. Aesthetics

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

30. When doing business in , it is important to understand that potential customers want to develop a personal relationship before doing business with foreign executives. Dinner