The Cultural Environment: Chapter 5 Exam Study Guide, Exams of Social Anthropology

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TRUE/FALSE

1. Research studies find that culture is not learned; rather it is inherited.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

2. Verbal and non-verbal communication are the two primary types of language.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. The primary reason why language mistakes occur in global business is that organizations tend to use backward translation.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 119 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

4. In Kuwait, weekends are Monday and Tuesday, not Saturday and Sunday as they are in most Western nations.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

5. In Arab countries, business executives will often digress from the primary purpose of the meeting, then eventually return to the topic initially discussed.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 121 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

6. Mexican negotiators will frequently engage in long periods of silence, or may have peripheral discussions among one another while ignoring foreign business people in the room.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 121 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

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ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging

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REF: p. 128 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

14. Guanxi refers to the relationship between subordinates and superiors. It denotes friendship among unequals involving unlimited exchanges of favors; thus, it is not based upon sentiment.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05 - 05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

15. Latin Americans are not as conscious about time as are North Americans.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 131 OBJ: LO: 05 - 05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following statements about culture is NOT true? a. It is a concept that is relaively easy to define. b. There are many different components of culture. c. Culture involves how a group of people behave, what they value and appreciate, and many other aspects. d. There are four charecteristics of culture. e. Culture is learned, not inherited.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

2. Of the following, which is NOT a charcteristic of culture that is important for global companies to recognize? a. Culture is learned, not inherited. b. It is nearly impossible to change an entire country’s culture. c. It is the responsibility of the global firm to ascertain the level of importance of various aspects of culture in the foreign markets it serves. d. Companies’ operations, cheifly marketing and management, need to recognize and adjust to the cultural environment existing in the countries the global company serves. e. Culture can be imposed from home country to host country.

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

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Hanukkah. d. In Kuwait, weekends are Saturday and Sunday. e. Jews and Muslims are prohibited from eating pork.

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 118 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

7. refers to the way a society does things. a. Values b. Attitudes c. Manners and customs d. Stances e. Outlooks ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05 - 02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge
8. In some countries, a high premium is placed upon foreigners and foreign items, as they are associated with sophistication – French wines, for example, or Swedish automobiles. In other countries, there is subtle resistance to foreign items. This is an example of a cultural. a. value b. attitude c. manners and custom d. stance e. outlook

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Application

9. In Country A, proposed change is viewed with suspicion – especially if it is suggested by foreigners. This is an example of a cultural. a. value b. attitude c. manners and customs d. stance e. outlook

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 120 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Application

10. In Arab countries, business executives will often digress from the primary purpose of the meeting, then eventually return to the topic initially discussed. This is an example of a cultural.

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a. value

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a. Material culture

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b. Aesthetics c. Social institution d. Stratification e. Intangible culture

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Group Dynamics KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

15. The extent to which groups at the top of the social pyramid exert control over others at the lower levers of the pyramid is referred to as. a. material culture b. aesthetics c. a social institution d. social stratification e. intangible culture

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 122 OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Group Dynamics KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

16. Of the following, which is NOT a cultural level identified by Hofstede? a. Individualism vs. collectivism b. Power distance c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

17. Of the following, which dimension identified by Hofstede refers to the extent to which societies tolerate risk or are risk averse? a. Individualism vs. collectivism b. Power distance c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

18. Of the following, which dimension identified by Hofstede refers to the level of egalitarianism in a society? a. Individualism vs. collectivism

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c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05 - 03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

19. Of the following, which is NOT true regarding Hofstede’s cultural dimensions? a. Japan and Mexico are highly collectivistic. b. Australia and the United States are high power distance countries. c. Japan, Greece, and Belgium have been described as highly masculine cultures. d. Finland and Sweden are less tolerant of risk than Portugal and Brazil. e. China and Japan have much longer time horizons than do most Western nations. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Challenging REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05 - 03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis
20. Which of the following is NOT one of the nine cultural variables researched by the GLOBE Project? a. Power distance b. Uncertainty avoidance c. Humane orientation d. Performance orientation e. Emotionality ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 125 OBJ: LO: 05 - 03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Evaluation
21. According to the GLOBE Project research, was ranked first on power distance. a. Germanic Europe b. Southern Asia c. Eastern Europe d. the Arabic group e. Latin Europe

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 124 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

22. According to the GLOBE Project research, has emerged as the group that was the most in favor of uncertainty avoidance. a. Germanic Europe b. Southern Asia c. Eastern Europe

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d. the Arabic group

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e. Children are not supposed to say their parents’ names, even when used with a title.

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ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

27. refers to a Chinese philosophy examining the relationship between subordinates and supervisors. It denotes friendship among unequals involving unlimited exchanges of favors. a. Guanxi b. Inwa c. Yangban d. Stratification e. Aesthetics

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

28. In , teachers are so revered that walking in their shadows is viewed as impolite. a. Latin America b. Korea c. Russia d. Arab countries e. India

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

29. refers to a Korean philosophy stressing harmony among unequals, loyalty to parents and authority figures, and superiors being responsible for the well-being of subordinates. a. Guanxi b. Inwa c. Yangban d. Stratification e. Aesthetics

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

30. When doing business in , it is important to understand that potential customers want to develop a personal relationship before doing business with foreign executives. Dinner exchanges and lunch meetings provide a good time for executives to get to know one another better. Dinners most often occur in the late evening, at 9 or 10pm. a. China b. Japan c. Korea

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e. Arab countries ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 131 OBJ: LO: 05 - 05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Comprehension

31. Guanxi is a term utilized in. a. China b. Japan c. Korea d. Latin America e. Arab Countries

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

32. Inwa is a term utilized in. a. China b. Japan c. Korea d. Latin America e. Arab Countries

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 129 OBJ: LO: 05-05 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

33. Of the following, which is NOT true about managing and marketing in overseas markets? a. Only one management style need be used. b. There can be different cultural groups within countries of which organizations need to be aware. c. Advertising campaigns must be tailored to local cultures. d. Culture has an impact on communication styles. e. Clear communication can improves the outcomes of management decisions.

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Moderate REF: p. 132 OBJ: LO: 05-06 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Analysis

34. Of the following, which dimension identified by Hofstede refers to the extent to which a society emphasizes short-run or long-run time horizons? a. Time orientation b. Power distance c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

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ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

35. Of the following, which dimension identified by Hofstede refers to the extent to which a society minimizes gender inequality? a. Time orientation b. Power distance c. Masculine vs. feminine d. Uncertainty avoidance e. Internal control vs. external control

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-06 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

COMPLETION

1. refers to learned behavior; a way of life for one group of people living in a single, related and independent community.

REF: p. 118

STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

2. The ability of a firm to adjust to a culture different from it own is referred to as.

REF: p. 118

STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

3. The cultral dimension involves the worth of the individual versus the worth of the groups of which that person is a member (“me versus the group”).

ANS: individualism vs. collectivism

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy REF: p. 123 OBJ: LO: 05-03 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity STA: DISC: Environmental Influence KEY: Bloom's: Knowledge

ANS: Culture

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy OBJ: LO: 05-01 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity

ANS: acculturation

PTS: 1 DIF: Difficulty: Easy OBJ: LO: 05-02 NAT: BUSPROG: Diversity