Understanding the Role of ATP and Energy Systems in Exercise and Sports Performance, Study notes of Biochemistry

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The effects of exercise and

sports performance on the

energy systems.

Introduction.

• All movement requires energy.
• The method by which our body generates energy is determined by the intensity and duration of the activity undertaken.
• Activities that require short bursts of effort (sprinting or jumping) require the body to produce large amounts of energy over a short period of time.
• A marathon runner would require energy production over a longer period and at a slower rate.

The role of ATP in exercise.

• Energy makes our muscle fibre contract.
• We get energy from the following fuels-
• Phosphocreatine
• Carbohydrates/ glycogen
• Fats
• The body maintains a continuous supply of energy through the use of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

How is ATP broken down for muscular

contraction and then resynethsised?

• The process is supported by an enzyme ATPase which breaks off the final phosphate and releases energy.
• ATP can then be resynthesised by adding a Phosphate back on (ADP+ P = ATP.

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9SFsWbMO0w

The ATP- PC (alactic system).

• Anaerobic.
• Important in sports such as sprinting, shot put.
• High intensity, short duration exercise (10 seconds).

Remember-

• The body breaks down carbohydrates from the foods we eat and converts them into glucose.
• When the body does not need to use the glucose for energy, it stores some of it in the liver and muscles. This is then used for energy production and is known as glycogen.

The Lactate System/ Anaerobic glycolysis.

• Higher intensity over a longer period eg. 400m.
• Anaerobic.
• 60 - 90 seconds maximal work uses this system.

Lactic Acid Production.

• Lactic acid is a by product of anaerobic glycolysis.
• Lactic acid accumulates and diffuses into tissue fluid and blood.
• If it is not removed quickly it builds up to impede muscle contraction and causes fatigue. It also cause pain and the performer may have to stop.
• A performer would need 8 minutes of recovery time and the removal of lactic acid.

Aerobic System.

• Long term energy system.
• If plenty of oxygen is available, glycogen and fatty acids break down to yield large amounts of ATP (38 in total).
• Carbon dioxide and water are waste products.

Describe the process of ATP production from

carbohydrates through the aerobic energy system.

• Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose.
• Glucose is broken down into glycogen.
• This then goes into the krebs cycle and enters the electron transport chain.

Jasmine is a county rugby player and she trains

regularly to improve her performance.

Evaluate the importance of the aerobic system for

Jasmine’s rugby performance.

UNSTUCK-

• What type of exercise intensity will this system be suited to?
• When during the rugby game will this system be used?
• What stores are replenished during recovery?
• Identify what is removed during recovery.
• How much ATP is made using this system?
• When would this system NOT be useful?

Evaluate the importance of the aerobic energy

system for elite 100m sprinters in competition and

training.

• Consider why is might be useful for the 100m sprinter.
• Consider why is might not be useful for the 100m sprinter.

Evaluate the importance of the aerobic energy

system for elite 100m sprinters in competition and

training.