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e) describing the cultural, economic, and political issues that divided the nation, including tariffs, slavery, the abolitionist and women's suffrage movements, ...
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Background
Political
The Federalist Party dissolved, marking the end of the two parties until after Monroe’s presidency. He ran for re-election unopposed. Monroe appointed Cabinet members of differing views in an attempt to ease tensions. Monroe toured the states during his presidency. America made the transition to a two party system at the end of Monroe’s second term. New states were admitted to the Union during Monroe’s presidency: Mississippi in 1817, Illinois in 1818, Alabama in 1819, Maine in 1820, and Missouri in 1821. Rush-Bagot Treaty of 1817 : demilitarized the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, indicating improved relations between the U.S. and Great Britain after the War of
Social
1818: A group of Seminole Indians attack American soldiers and their families in Georgia. Andrew Jackson invades and captures Pensacola in reaction, without presidential authority from Monroe. Monroe returns Florida to the Spanish, but with a warning that Spain must control the Indian population there or cede Florida to the United States. 1819: Spain cedes Florida to the United States in the Adams-Otis Treaty. 1820: The Missouri Compromise temporarily addresses the slavery question by drawing a regional line making Northern states free and allowing slavery in the Southern states. Maine is admitted as a free state and Missouri as a slave state.
Economic
The Panic of 1819 was the United States’ first major economic crisis, characterized by bank failure, foreclosures, unemployment and a drop in manufacturing and agriculture production. Factors contributing to the Panic of 1819 include: inflation caused by debt following the War of 1812, the inability of many Americans to pay debt on their homes, as well as the negative effects from international affairs like the Embargo Act and the recovery of Europe following the Napoleonic Wars. The Second Bank of the United States was founded in 1816. The favorable political environment of the Era of Good Feelings aided in the establishment of the bank and other new federal initiatives and institutions.
Pre-Visit:
Students should be familiar with the basic political and economic history of the early Republic, including the Federalist Party and the issues surrounding the creation of a national bank.
On-Location Activity
What mood does the painting depict? Why do you think Monroe chose to tour these states and what effect do you think the tour had?
What do the peace medal and purse indicate about the relations between the United States and Native Americans at the time?
(Note: If students are divided into two groups, groups will switch at this point.)
What about Monroe’s presidency was harmonious? o One political party (end of Federalists) o Period of economic prosperity before the Panic of 1819 o Growth of the United States (new states added) What factors might make Monroe’s presidency not an Era of Good Feelings? o The Panic of 1819 o Slavery (Missouri Compromise) o Native American relations
Post-Visit Enrichment Activity:
Students will participate in a debate. One side will argue reasons for the title “Era of Good Feelings” to be applied to Monroe’s presidency; the other will argue that the name is misleading.
For more information about visiting the museum or organizing a class field trip, please call:
Phone: (540) 654-
Or email _________________________.
Hours:
The museum is open from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday through Saturday and from 1 to 5 p.m. on Sunday. During the months of December, January and February, the museum closes at 4 p.m. daily.
Directions:
The James Monroe Museum and Memorial Library is located in historic downtown Fredericksburg, Virginia, only one hour’s drive from Washington, D.C. or Richmond, Virginia.
From Interstate 95, take exit 130A to Route 3 East. Follow Business Route 3 past the University of Mary Washington. Continue on Business Route 3 (William Street) to Charles Street. Turn right on Charles Street. The museum is housed in a one-story brick building on the right. On-street parking is available.