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Chem 1075 Chapter 11 The Gaseous State Lecture Outline
Slide 2 Properties of Gases
There are 5 important properties of gases:
- Gases have ___________________________________________________
- Gases have ________________________________________
- Gases can be __________________________
- Gases can ___________________________________________________
- Gases _______________________________________with other gases in the same container
Slide 3 Kinetic Molecular Theory
Views gases as “_________________________________________”
- Gases are made up of _____________________________________________
- Gas molecules demonstrate _____________________________ in ______________________ ______________ and in _____________________directions
- Gas molecules have _______________________________ for one another
- Gas molecules undergo __________________________________________
- The _________________________________________________of gas molecules is proportional to the _________________ temperature (________________)
Slide 4 Variables affecting Gases
There are four variables affecting gases:
- _________________ (____) is expressed in ____ or _____
- _____________________(____) is expressed in ______
- _______________________(____) is expressed in ___________
- ___________________(_____) is expressed in _________ or ____________
Slide 5 Gas Pressure
_______________________ is the result of ______________________________gas molecules __________________ the inside surface of their _________________________.
The ____________________________the molecules collide with the sides of the container, the _________________ the pressure
The __________________the temperature, the ___________________gas molecules move.
Slide 6 Atmospheric Pressure
_____________________________________________is a result of the air molecules in the environment.
Torricelli invented the ___________________________ in 1643 to measure atmospheric pressure.
Atmospheric pressure is ___________inches Hg or ___________ mmHg or ____________ torr at sea level.
Slide 7 Units of Pressure
Slide 8 Gas Pressure Conversions
The barometric pressure is 27.5 in Hg. What is the barometric pressure in atmospheres?
Slide 9 Boyle’s Gas Experiment
Boyle trapped air (fixed __________________________________at constant ______________________) in a J tube using liquid mercury.
He found that the ___________________of the air ______________________as he added more mercury :
When he ______________________the pressure, the volume ___________________________.
Slide 17 Avogadro’s Law
- Avogadro’s Law states that as the ____________________ is increased, the _______________of a gas also increases. As ________________ or as ___________________.
Slide 18 Ideal Gas Law
Combine all the gas laws: Boyle’s law Charles’ law Gay-Lussac’s law Avogadro’s law Ideal Gas law
Slide 19 Ideal Gas Law
Consider a sample of gas at an initial set of conditions:
If that same sample of gas was placed under a new set of final conditions then:
Slide 20 Ideal Gas Law Applied
If both equations are equal to k, then they are equal to each other:
We can use this equation to solve any problem about a gas at two different sets of conditions.
Slide 21 Ideal Gas Law Applied
- A steel container of nitrous oxide at 15.0 atm is cooled from 25oC to -40oC. What is the final pressure of the gas?
- A 275L helium balloon is heated from 20oC to 40oC. What is the final volume?
- A 1.50L sample of methane gas exerts a pressure of 1650mmHg. What is the final pressure is the volume changes to 7.00L?
Slide 22 Ideal Gas Law
- We can rearrange the equation to read:
- This is the__________________________
- The constant R is the ideal gas constant and has a value of ____________________________
Slide 23 Ideal Gas Law Problem
How many moles of hydrogen gas occupy 0.500L at STP?
Slide 24 Vapor Pressure
- ________________________________ is the pressure exerted by the ___________________ _______________ above a liquid when the rates of evaporation and condensation are equal.
- __________________________ increases as _______________________ increases.
Slide 25 Dalton’s Law
- Dalton’s law of partial pressures states that the _________________________ of a gaseous mixture is equal to the _____________ of the individual pressures of each gas.
- The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture is its _______________________________, Pn.
Slide 26 Dalton’s Law calculation
- An atmospheric sample contains nitrogen, oxygen, and argon. If the partial pressure of nitrogen is 587 mm Hg, oxygen is 158 mm Hg, and argon is 7 mm Hg, what is the barometric pressure?
