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The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley civilization, was an advanced ancient urban culture that flourished in the Indus River Valley during the Bronze Age. This document provides a comprehensive overview of its sophisticated urban planning, advanced sanitation and trade networks, as well as the ongoing scholarly debates surrounding its eventual decline, offering valuable insights for students and researchers.
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Harappan Civilization
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◈ The discovery of the Indus Valley civilization
10 Alexander Cunningham Alexander Cunningham, who headed the Archaeological Survey of India, visited this site in 1853 and 1856 while looking for the cities that had been visited by Chinese pilgrims in the Buddhist period. The presence of an ancient city was confirmed in the following 50 years, but no one had any idea of its age or importance
Sutkagendor(West) Manda(North) Alamgirpur(East) Daimabad(South)
◈ The cities are well known for their impressive,
◈ They have well laid plumbing and drainage
◈ Over one thousand other towns and villages also
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◈ The "great bath" is the earliest public water tank. ◈ The tank measures approximately 12 meters north-south and 7 meters wide, with a maximum depth of 2.4 meters. ◈ Two staircases lead down into the tank from the north and south and small sockets at the edges of the stairs are thought to have held wooden planks or treads. ◈ At the foot of the stairs is a small ledge with a brick edging that extends the entire width of the pool. 17
At Mohenjo-Daro narrow streets and alleyways are off of the major streets, leading into more private neighborhoods. Many of the brick houses were two stories high, with thick walls and high ceilings to keep the rooms cool in the hot summer months.