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Anatomy and Function of the Heart: Terms and Definitions, Quizzes of Physiology

Daemen CollegePhysiology

Definitions and terms related to the anatomy and function of the heart. Topics include the heart's system, size and location, membranes, wall layers, heart chambers, valves, semilunar valves, chordae tendinea, other features, path of circulation, coronary circulation, cardiac veins, cardiac cycle, conduction system, and ecg. Understand the structure and function of each component of the heart.

Typology: Quizzes

2009/2010

Uploaded on 11/29/2010

maggyduffy180
maggyduffy180 🇺🇸

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TERM 1
Overview of heart
DEFINITION 1
-its system is absolutely vital fro survival -the major function
in to carry oxygen & nutrients -it is a closed system made of
the heart (pumps) & BV's (circulates) -is a double circuit -
pulmonary: heart to lungs & back, oxygenates blood -
systemic: heart to body & back, delivers oxygen to tissues
TERM 2
Size & location of
heart
DEFINITION 2
-cone shaped -in pericardial cavity, inside the mediastinum,
the apex (point of cone) is tipped toward the left, the base is
superior
TERM 3
Membrane of the heart
DEFINITION 3
-Pericardium: double serous membrane with fibrous coat -
parietal pericardium: outer layer, fibrous, areolar CT -
epicardium: visceral (inner) layer, adheres to heart wall -
pericardial cavity: between visceral & parietal layers,
contains serous fluid
TERM 4
Wall of heart
DEFINITION 4
-epicardium: same as in pericardium, functions as protective
outer layer - myocardium: middle layer, responsible for
muscular contractions, made of cardiac muscle -
endocardium: inner layer, lines & protects in chambers &
valves, continuous with endothelium of BV's attached to
heart
TERM 5
Cardiac muscle tissue
DEFINITION 5
- striated - uses aerobic respiration - has short T-tubules, no
triads (structure formed with T-tubules and SR) -is auto
rhythmic: self stimulating - acts as if its 1 cell, because all
heart cells are connected mechanically, chemically &
electrically by intercalated discs & gap junctions
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Overview of heart

-its system is absolutely vital fro survival -the major function

in to carry oxygen & nutrients -it is a closed system made of

the heart (pumps) & BV's (circulates) -is a double circuit -

pulmonary: heart to lungs & back, oxygenates blood -

systemic: heart to body & back, delivers oxygen to tissues

TERM 2

Size & location of

heart

DEFINITION 2

-cone shaped -in pericardial cavity, inside the mediastinum,

the apex (point of cone) is tipped toward the left, the base is

superior

TERM 3

Membrane of the heart

DEFINITION 3

-Pericardium: double serous membrane with fibrous coat -

parietal pericardium: outer layer, fibrous, areolar CT -

epicardium: visceral (inner) layer, adheres to heart wall -

pericardial cavity: between visceral & parietal layers,

contains serous fluid

TERM 4

Wall of heart

DEFINITION 4

-epicardium: same as in pericardium, functions as protective

outer layer - myocardium: middle layer, responsible for

muscular contractions, made of cardiac muscle -

endocardium: inner layer, lines & protects in chambers &

valves, continuous with endothelium of BV's attached to

heart

TERM 5

Cardiac muscle tissue

DEFINITION 5

  • striated - uses aerobic respiration - has short T-tubules, no

triads (structure formed with T-tubules and SR) -is auto

rhythmic: self stimulating - acts as if its 1 cell, because all

heart cells are connected mechanically, chemically &

electrically by intercalated discs & gap junctions

Heart Chambers

-atria: upper chambers, receive blood from veins, have auricles: flaps where blood pools -ventricles: lower chambers, force blood out to arteries -left ventricle is thicker & stronger than right because it has to push blood to the whole body -right ventricle only has to go to the lungs -left ventricle is round -right ventricle is pouch shaped & contains the conus arteriosis (funnel leading from the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk) & modulator band (prevents over extension in right ventricle) TERM 7

Atrioventricular valves

DEFINITION 7

  • tricuspid valve: at the right atrioventricular orifice, opens

when the atrial force is greater and closes when ventricular

force is greater, has 3 cusps - bicuspid (mitral) valve: at the

left atrioventricular orifice, has 2 cusps

TERM 8

Semilunar valves

DEFINITION 8

-between ventricle & artery -pulmonary valve: at entrance to

pulmonary trunk, opens when right ventricle contracts &

closes when it relaxes -aortic valve: at entrance to aorta,

opens when left ventricle contracts & closes when it relaxes,

prevents back flow

TERM 9

Chordae tendinea

DEFINITION 9

-"heart strings" -holds valves in place -attached to cusps on

ventricle side -prevents cusps from collapsing into atria when

valve is closed and the back flow of blood

TERM 10

Other features of the

heart

DEFINITION 10

-papillary muscles: small bundles of muscles, when valves

close these muscles contract & tighten chordae tendinea -

trabeculae camae: scaffolding on interior walls,

interventricular septum -interventricular septum: wall

between ventricles

ECG

(EKG)

-electrical tracking of action potential, takes less than a second -P wave: depolarization of atria, happens right before it contracts - QRS wave: depolarization of ventricles, re-polarization of atria, happens right before it contracts -T wave: ventricular re- polarization - Cardiac output (CO): volume of blood ejected by ventricle each minute, average of 5L/min TERM 17

Autonomic Control of Heat Rythm

DEFINITION 17 -Chemical control -norepinephrine & epinephrine: increases heart rate & force of contraction - Ach: decreases the rate & force of contraction -Neural control: senses by baroreceptors & chemoreceptors -cardioacceleratory center in medulla: use sympathetic fibers to release NE to increase heart rate - cardio- inhibitory centers: use parasympathetic fibers to release Ach to decrease heart rate -Autorhythmicity: spontaneous contraction: about 100 beats/min