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The History of Aviation Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
What does aviation mean? ✔✔human flight
Who were important Greek mythological characters in the early years of aviation? ✔✔Daedalus and Icarus
Who was the Italian artist and investor who foresaw the parachute, helicopter, and aircraft? ✔✔Leonardo da Vinci (1452 AD- 1519 AD)
What were the names of the Montgolfier brothers? ✔✔Joseph and Jacques Etienne
What were the Montgolfier brothers famous for? ✔✔made the first hot air balloon flight in December 1782 in France; made the first manned flight November 1783
How was aviation utilized during the Civil War? ✔✔Observation balloons were used to monitor troops and spot artillery.
What were major inventions during the early years of aviation? ✔✔balloons (gas, hot air); concepts (parachute, helicopter, human powered glider)
What was a major highlight of pre-powered flight? ✔✔unpowered gliders
Who were major figures in the pre-powered flight era? ✔✔Otto Lilenthal (1848-1896); Octave Chanute (1832-1910); Captain F. Ferber; Wright Brothers
What were the major inventions of the pre-powered flight era? ✔✔rigid frame aircraft; human controlled flight (weight shifting); wing design; pitch control surfaces
Who were major figures in the early powered flight era? ✔✔Samuel Pierpont Langley (1834- 1906); Wright Brothers; Glen Curtis (1878-1930); Glen L. Martin (1886-1955); Louis Bleroit (1872-1936); Cal Rogers (1879-1912); Lincoln Beachley (1887-1915)
What was Samuel Pierpont famous for? ✔✔first powered heavier-than-air flight (December 17, 1903 in North Carolina)
What was Glen Curtis famous for? ✔✔inventor of the aileron control motorcycle racer
What was the essence of World War One? ✔✔It was a war fought in Europe between England and France against Germany and Austria.
What advanced greatly in aviation during World War One? ✔✔single and multi-engine
What was the famous British aircraft during World War One? ✔✔Avro- 54K
What were major inventions during World War One? ✔✔increased horse power engines (rotary air cooled; water cooled); multi-engine aircraft; dirigibles; advance armament
How did the Wright Brothers achieve three-axis flight control? ✔✔"wing warping"
Why did aviation increase rapidly after World War One? ✔✔surplus aircraft readily available; numerous trained pilots; great interest in aviation from public; beginning of air transportation for general public; speed and distance records
What is barnstorming? ✔✔Barnstorming is when pilots would purchase surplus aircraft and fly them around the country to fairs selling rides to passengers and doing aerobatic flight
Why did many pilots barnstorm? ✔✔Barnstorming allowed them the opportunity to keep flying.
What were early airlines used for? ✔✔flying passengers and mail (after WWI)
What caused the rapid increase of airlines? ✔✔airline flights
Who was Igor I Sikorsky? ✔✔Russian immigrant who developed many aircraft including the helicopter and large flying boats
Who was Charles Lindberg? ✔✔set trained pilot; flew air mail; first solo flight from NY to Paris; test pilot; flew combat mission against Japanese as Civilian poet and is thought to have shot down at least one Japanese aircraft; national aviation expert
Who was Amelia Earheart? ✔✔began flying in 1921; set woman's altitude record of 14,000 ft in 1922; 1st woman to fly across Atlantic; set speed records for women; 1st solo women flight across Atlantic; first US coast-to-coast flight; set solo distance flight records; lost in Pacific while flying around world (1937)
What does NACA stand for? ✔✔National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
What does NASA stand for? ✔✔National Aeronatics and Space Administration
What was one of NASA's first highly successful aircraft? ✔✔X-
What was the X-15 known for? ✔✔It explored flight out to mach 6.7 (6.7 times the speed of sound) and altitude of 354,000 ft (67 miles) on August 22, 1963.
What did the Russians accomplish in April 1961? ✔✔They launched Yuri Gugarin in a Vostok space.
What was President Kennedy's announcement on May 25, 1961? ✔✔The nation's goal of sending an American to the moon before the end of the decade.
What were the three steps of the program Kennedy implemented to fly men to the moon? ✔✔Project Mercury; Project Gemini; Project Apollo
What did Project Mercury entail? ✔✔Single man capsules to explores sub-orbital and orbital flights; severn mercury astronauts
What did NASA do on May 6, 1961? ✔✔launched Alan Shephard in "Freedom 7", the first American human suborbital flight
When did the Apollo Program begin and end? ✔✔1963-
How many flights did the Apollo Program consist of? ✔✔ 11
What were important highlights of the Apollo Program? ✔✔4 manned earth and moon orbital flights; 7 flights for moon landings; Apollo 13 did not land on moon due to enroute explosion; Neil Armstrong first man to set foot on moon (July 20, 1969); Eugene Cernan last man to leave foot on moon (December 14, 1972)
What were important points about the shuttle program? ✔✔Space shuttle made first test f in 1977; 8 space shuttle aircraft manufactured; space shuttle flown 114 missions; 2 space shuttles destroyed
