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REVIEW SHEET
e x e r c i s e
The Integumentary
System
B a s i c S t r u c t u r e o f t h e S k i n
1. Complete the following statements by writing the appropriate word or phrase on the correspondingly numbered blank: connective tissue, which makes up the dermis, andThe two basic tissues of which the skin is composed are dense irregular 1 , which forms the epi- dermis. The tough water-repellent protein found in the epidermal cells is called 2. The pigments melanin and 3 contribute to skin color. A localized concentration of melanin is referred to as a 4. 2. Four protective functions of the skin are . 3. Using the key choices, choose all responses that apply to the following descriptions. Key: (^) b.a. stratum basalestratum corneum d.e. stratum lucidumstratum spinosum g.h. reticular layerepidermis as a whole c. stratum granulosum f. papillary layer i. dermis as a whole 1. translucent cells in thick skin containing keratin fibrils 2. dead cells 3. dermis layer responsible for fingerprints 4. vascular region 5. major skin area that produces derivatives (nails and hair) 6. epidermal region exhibiting the most rapid cell division 7. scalelike dead cells, full of keratin, that constantly slough off 8. mitotic cells filled with intermediate filaments 9. has abundant elastic and collagenic fibers
- location of melanocytes and Merkel cells
- area where weblike prekeratin filaments first appear
- region of areolar connective tissue
NAME ___________________________________ LAB TIME/DATE _______________________
stratified squamous epithelium keratin carotene freckle Prevents dessication, protects against thermal damage, prevents bacterial invasion, and protects against UV radiation.
d; stratum lucidum b & d; strata corneum and lucidum f; papillary layer i; dermis (or f, g) h; epidermis a; stratum basale b; stratum corneum e; stratum spinosum i; dermis (or g) a; stratum basale e; stratum spinosum f; papillary layer
4. Label the skin structures and areas indicated in the accompanying diagram of thin skin. Then, complete the statements thatfollow.
a. granules extruded from the keratinocytes prevent water loss by diffusion through the epidermis. b. Fibers in the dermis are produced by. c. Glands that respond to rising androgen levels are the glands. d. Phagocytic cells that occupy the epidermis are called. e. A unique touch receptor formed from a stratum basale cell and a nerve fiber is a. f. What layer is present in thick skin but not in thin skin? g. What cell-to-cell structures hold the cells of the stratum spinosum tightly together?
5. What substance is manufactured in the skin (but is not a secretion) to play a role elsewhere in the body?
Subcutaneoustissue or
(deep pressure receptor)
Stratum Stratum Stratum Stratum (layers)
Reticular layer
Blood vessel
Adipose cells
Laminated (or lamellated)
fibroblasts sebaceous (and apocrine sweat) Langerhans’ cells Merkel disc Stratum lucidum Desmosomes
Epidermis
corneum
Hair shaft
granulosum spinosum basale
Hair root
Dermal papillae Sebaceous gland Hair follicle Arrector pili muscle
Sweat gland
Hair bulb Nerve fiber
Dermis
hypodermis Pacinian corpuscle
Vitamin D
12. Describe two integumentary system mechanisms that help in regulating body temperature. 13. Several structures or skin regions are listed below. Identify each by matching its letter with the appropriate area on the figure.
P l o t t i n g t h e D i s t r i b u t i o n o f S w e a t G l a n d s
14. With what substance in the bond paper does the iodine painted on the skin react? 15. Based on class data, which skin area—the forearm or palm of hand—has more sweat glands? Was this an expected result? Explain.
Which other body areas would, if tested, prove to have a high density of sweat glands?
16. What organ system controls the activity of the eccrine sweat glands?
D e r m o g r a p h y : F i n g e r p r i n t i n g
17. Why can fingerprints be used to identify individuals? 18. Name the three common fingerprint patterns. , , and
a. Adipose cells b. Dermis c. Epidermis d. Hair follicle e. Hair shaft f. Sloughing stratum corneum cells
(1) When capillary blood flow to the skin is enhanced (by nervous system controls), heat radiates from the skin surface; restriction of blood flow conserves body heat. (2) Activity of sweat glands, i.e., when perspiration evaporates from the skin surface, heat is lost.
The starch Palm Yes For most people, hands sweat more than the forearm.
Face, axillae
Nervous system (sympathetic division)
f e b
d a
c
Everyone’s fingerprints are genetically distinct. loops arches whorls
