The Montreal Protocol: Protecting the Ozone Layer - Prof. Bhardwaj, Slides of Environmental Law

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Montreal

Protocol

(Ozone

treaty)

Introduction

• The Montreal protocol is an international environmental agreement that seeks to regulate the production and consumption of ozone depleting substance (ODS).
• Signed in – 1987
• Came into force – 1989
• It is important because the ozone layer needs to be protected to prevent the harmful ultraviolet radiation of sun from reaching the earth.

Ozone layer depletion

• Thinning of the ozone layer in the atmosphere is called ozone depletion.
• This happen when certain chemicals come into contract with ozone and destroy it.

ozone depleting substances

• Chloroflurocarbon (CFCs)
• (^) Hydrochloroflurocarbon (HCFS)
• Carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)
• Methyl chloroform
• Hydrobromoflurocarbon
• Halons

Vienna Convention

• The Vienna convention for the protection of ozone layer was signed in 1985.
• As per the convention provision countries agree to adopt The Montreal Protocol to further the goals of Vienna convention

Fund’s Setup for MP

• The multilateral fund for the implementing of montreal protocol was set up in 1991
• For the developing countries to comply with the provision of protocol this is under ARTICLE-
• It provide financial and technical help to developing member countries whose yearly per capita consumption and production of ODS was less than 0.3 kg.

Kigali Amendment

• The Kigali agreement is an amendment to the Montreal protocol.
• The agreement aim to phase down HFCs by reducing its manufacture and consumption.
• HFCs are powerful greenhouse gases.
• The Kigali amendment is the 8 th amendment, It happens during 128 meeting of parties.
• It is so named because it happened in Kigali, the capital of Rawanda in Oct 2016.
• (^) The amendment will enter into force on 1 Jan 2019.