Understanding the Periodic Table: Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids, Lecture notes of Chemistry

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The Periodic Table

The Periodic Table

 We can find out LOTS of information about an element based on where it is on the periodic table!  You will need 9 different colored pencils:  Blue  Orange  Yellow  Purple  Red  Green  Light Green  Light Blue  Black (or your pencil!)

Staircase

 Draw a dark black

zigzag line (staircase) to

distinguish between

metals, nonmetals, and

metalloids

 Start by keeping B, Si, As,

Te, and At to the RIGHT

of the line and Al, Ge,

Sb, and Po to the LEFT of

the line.

Staircase

Metals Nonmetals  Along the line are the metalloids

Other Metals

 Color the following elements to the LEFT of the zigzag LIGHT GREEN to show they are the other metals.

Nonmetals

 Color the following elements to the RIGHT of the zigzag LIGHT BLUE to show they are nonmetals.  Include Hydrogen here. Hydrogen is the only element that is not found in any family (ORPHAN ELEMENT).

Metalloids

 Along the line are the metalloids.  Color elements B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, At GREEN

Metalloids

 Found on both sides of the zigzag line (right along it) except for aluminum & polonium  Show properties of both metals and nonmetals  Semiconductors of heat/electricity  When mixed with small amounts of other elements the conductivity of metalloids increases

Noble Gases

 Noble gases are found in column 18 on the periodic table.  The noble gases contain He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn.  The noble gases are gases at room temperature. They are poor conductors and have NO reactivity at all!  Noble gases have 8 electrons (8 valence electrons) in their outermost shell. Every period ends in a noble gas. These elements are STABLE and NONREACTIVE!

Alkali Metals

 Elements on the far left in Group 1 are the Alkali Metals

 Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr

 Color these elements ORANGE.  Hydrogen is NOT in this group, even though it lives above it.

Alkaline Earth Metals

 Elements in Group 2, or 2A, are the Alkaline Earth Metals  Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra  Color these elements YELLOW.

Alkaline Earth Metals

 Alkaline earth metals are found in column 2 on the periodic table.  The alkaline earth metals contain elements Mg, Be, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Ra.  The alkaline earth metals are solid at room temperature. They are malleable, lustrous and ductile. They are good conductors. They are all VERY REACTIVE!!  Alkaline earth metals have 2 electrons (2 valence electrons) in their outermost shell. They will LOSE 2 electrons when they become an ion.

Halogens

 Halogens are found in column 17 on the periodic table.  The halogens contain elements F, Cl, Br, and I.  The halogens are gases or very brittle solids at room temperature. They are malleable, lustrous and ductile. The halogens are poor conductors. They are all HIGHLY REACTIVE!!  Halogens have 7 electrons (7 valence electrons) in their outermost shell. They will GAIN 1 electron when they become an ion.  Halogens combine with alkali metals to create salts.

Transition Metals

 Elements in groups 3- 12 are Transition Metals.  Color these elements RED.  Elements on the bottom of the periodic table are the Inner Transition Metals. These are composed of the Lanthanides and Actinides.  Color these elements RED as well.  They react and behave as transition metals.