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The Phytotoxicity of Molybdenum-Containing Compounds for Legumes, Papers of Environmental Science

This article analyzes the effect of molybdenum-containing compounds on white clover seeds in their initial and further stages of growth. The study systematically explains the response of white clover seeds to different concentrations of molybdenum in tested solutions. The paper includes calculations of phytotoxicity in the case of each concentration.

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2019/2020

Available from 01/03/2023

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THE ASSESSMENT OF MOLYBDENUM – CONTAINING COMPOUNDS
PHYTOTOXICITY FOR LEGUMES ON THE EXAMPLE OF WHITE
CLOVER SEEDS
Molybdenum is one of the most vital microelements in the growth cycle of legume
plants. The article analyzes the phytotoxicity of molybdenum containing
junctures for legumes. The research findings depict the effect of molybdenum-
containing compounds on white clover seeds in their initial and further stages of
growth. The study systematically explains the response of white clover seeds to
different concentrations of molybdenum in tested solutions. The paper includes
calculations of phytotoxicity in the case of each concentration. In the data
visualization, the author documents the optimum concentration of molybdenum in
solutions for the normal growth of white clover.
Keywords: legume plants, molybdenum, molybdenum-containing compounds,
white clover, phytotoxicity.
INTRODUCTION
The natural biogeochemical circulation of substances is a cycle of interconnected
transitions and transformation of chemical elements occurring within the
components of the environment. The basis for the stability of ecosystems and their
normal functioning is secured by maintaining the balance between chemical
compounds and their optimal concentrations in the natural components. A fairly
large number of chemical elements take part in the biogeochemical processes.
Microelements, one of which is molybdenum, are of particular interest in this
respect. Molybdenum is a chemical element of Group 6 of the Mendeleev Periodic
System [1]. In nature, this trace element exists in the form of various compounds,
the most common of which are MoS2 and MoO3 [2]. Molybdenum is actively
involved in the process of nitrogen fixation in legume plants [3]. This trace
element is contained in environmental objects in a quite small quantity; however, it
performs an important role in ensuring the functioning of the fundamental
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THE ASSESSMENT OF MOLYBDENUM – CONTAINING COMPOUNDS

PHYTOTOXICITY FOR LEGUMES ON THE EXAMPLE OF WHITE

CLOVER SEEDS

Molybdenum is one of the most vital microelements in the growth cycle of legume plants. The article analyzes the phytotoxicity of molybdenum – containing junctures for legumes. The research findings depict the effect of molybdenum- containing compounds on white clover seeds in their initial and further stages of growth. The study systematically explains the response of white clover seeds to different concentrations of molybdenum in tested solutions. The paper includes calculations of phytotoxicity in the case of each concentration. In the data visualization, the author documents the optimum concentration of molybdenum in solutions for the normal growth of white clover. Keywords: l egume plants, molybdenum, molybdenum-containing compounds, white clover, phytotoxicity. INTRODUCTION The natural biogeochemical circulation of substances is a cycle of interconnected transitions and transformation of chemical elements occurring within the components of the environment. The basis for the stability of ecosystems and their normal functioning is secured by maintaining the balance between chemical compounds and their optimal concentrations in the natural components. A fairly large number of chemical elements take part in the biogeochemical processes. Microelements, one of which is molybdenum, are of particular interest in this respect. Molybdenum is a chemical element of Group 6 of the Mendeleev Periodic System [1]. In nature, this trace element exists in the form of various compounds, the most common of which are MoS2 and MoO3 [2]. Molybdenum is actively involved in the process of nitrogen fixation in legume plants [3]. This trace element is contained in environmental objects in a quite small quantity; however, it performs an important role in ensuring the functioning of the fundamental

mechanism of the biogeochemical cycle of the “soil-plant system”. The optimum content of molybdenum in the components of natural landscapes provides the stability of the “soil-plant” and “soil-plant-animal-human” systems. This, in its turn, stipulates safe and effective ties between vegetation and the soil media [4]. In this regard, there is an urgent necessity to identify the level of molybdenum – containing junctures phytotoxicity for legumes. The research contributes to assessing the phytotoxicity of molybdenum-containing compounds different concentrations for white clover seeds. DATA AND METHODOLOGY An experiment, as part of the study, was conducted to assess the effect of solutions of molybdenum-containing salt, ammonium paramolybdate ((NH4)6Mo7O24), on the initial growth and further development of white clover seeds. The object of the study is white clover, a genus of fodder legumes. This is a perennial herb, which is quite unpretentious regarding the conditions for its growth. White clover seeds were used as laboratory material. Ammonium paramolybdate solution was prepared in six concentrations: 0.0006%, 0.012%, 0.0025%, 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.02%. Laboratory experiment layout: Control – white clover seeds were soaked in distilled water. Option 1 – white clover seeds were soaked in an ammonium paramolybdate solution in a concentration of 0.0006%. Option 2 – white clover seeds were soaked in an ammonium paramolybdate solution in a concentration of 0.0012%. Option 3 – white clover seeds were soaked in an ammonium paramolybdate solution in a concentration of 0.0025%. Option 4 – white clover seeds were soaked in an ammonium paramolybdate solution in a concentration of 0.005%. Option 5 – white clover seeds were soaked in an ammonium paramolybdate solution in a concentration of 0.01%.

Table 1 Effect of ammonium paramolybdate salt on initial growth and further development of white clover seeds Indicators/ Options Contr ol Option 1 (0. %) Option 2 (0. %) Option 3 (0. 0025 %) Option 4 (0. %) Option 5 (0.01% ) Option 6 (0.02% ) Germinatio n Energy, %

Seed Germinatio n on Day 3 , %

Seed Germinatio n on Day 10, %

Average Sprout Length on Day 10, cm

On the basis of the results, the phytotoxicity for each case was measured. The average sprout length was used as a basic indicator. In the case of Option 1, the phytotoxicity of the soil environment was equal to 3%. It means that in the conditions of molybdenum – containing compound with the concentration of 0.0006% presence, the soil environment is not phytotoxic. The level of phytotoxicity in the conditions of Option 2 was equal to 11.7%. The soil system is not phytotoxic. In the situation with a 0.0025% concentration of the active substance, the phytotoxicity reached the value of 14.7%. The environment is not phytotoxic. The phytotoxicity for the concentration of 0.005% was 44.1%. Such conditions create a phytotoxic soil environment for growing white clover.

In the case of Option 5 and Option 6, the soil conditions were also phytotoxic for white clover. The value of phytotoxicity in 0.01% and 0.02% of molybdenum – containing compound concentration were 50% and 67.6% relatively. CONCLUSION According to the results of the experiment, it is possible to say that such concentrations as 0.0006%, 0.0012%, and 0.0025% of ammonium paramolybdate fertilizer can be used for introduction into the soil system since they do not create the phytotoxic conditions for legume growing. However, the fertilizer 0.005%, 0.01%, and 0.02% show the opposite effect and develop a toxic media for growing this type of plants. As part of the study of the role of molybdenum in the soil-plant system, we can talk about both the positive and negative effects of this element on plant organisms. A properly selected concentration of molybdenum-containing fertilizers can help the processes of initial growth and further development of legumes, thereby optimizing the environmentally safe use of molybdenum as a micro- fertilizer for legume plants. REFERENCES

  1. Egorov A.S. Chemistry Tutor / A.S. Egorov. – Rostov-on-Don: Phoenix, 2014. – 389 pages.
  2. Kovalsky V.V. GeoChemical Ecology / V.V. Kovalsky – M.: Science, 1974. – 298 p.
  3. Azarenka Yu.A. Patterns of Content, Distribution, Interconnection of Trace Elements in the Soil System. The Plant in the South of Western Siberia / Yu.A. Azarenka – Omsk: Variant – Omsk, 2013. – 232 p.
  4. Bezel V.S., Panin M.S. EcoToxicology / V.S. Bezel, M.S. Panin – Almaty: Raritet, 2008. 344 p.